1. EGYPT UNDER THE PHAROAHS
APAH – GARDINER CHAPTER 3-4 PP

2. 3. The Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer uses A. paper B. silk C. papyrus D
3. The Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer uses A. paper B. silk C. papyrus D. vellum 4. During the Amarna period the pharaoh imposed monotheism worshipping A. Re B. Aton C. Akhenaton D. Osiris 5. The Tomb of Tutankhamen was found by A. Indiana Jones B. Lord Carnarvon C. Heinrich Schliemann D. Howard Carter
Quiz 3-4 pp
A dramatic change in Egyptian art took place during the Amarna period under the reign of
Akhenaton
Ramses
Djoser
Hatshepsut
2. The beautiful women with the long graceful neck depicted in a Amarna period painted limestone bust is
Aphrodite
Cleopatra
Nefertiti

3. AKHENATON AND THE AMARNA PERIOD
Akhenaton (r ) abandons the traditional Egyptian religion in favor of Aton, the sun disk -> declared him to be the universal and only god
Empties the great temples, outrages the priests, moves the capital from Thebes to Amarna
Akhenaton’s god was not depicted as an animal or human -> instead, as a sun disk emitting life giving rays
After his reign the new religious revolution was undone and Amarna was abandoned

4. Amarna Period
Akhenaton from the temple Aton, Karnak, BCE, sandstone, 13’ high
Androgynous image -> effeminate body, long face, full lips, heavy lidded eyes
Weak arms, narrow waist, protruding belly, wide hips, fatty thighs
Deliberate reaction against the established style?
Portrayal of pharaoh as Aton, the sexless sun disk?

5. NEFERTITI Painted limestone bust
Thutmose, Nefertiti from Amarna, BCE
Nefertiti is Akhenaton’s wife -> long, elegant neck, soft delicate New Kingdom features
Amarna style

6. TIYE Miniature head of Queen Tiye, mother of Akhenaton
Carved of dark yew wood
Amarna period
Older woman with lines and furrows
New relaxation of the artistic rules in the Amarna period

7. (2-22) Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty c B.C.E. Limestone
FLASHCARD
Sunken relief stele of the royal family
Undulating curves replace rigid lines
Bellies
Royal family basks in the rays of Aton
Intimate and informal portrait of the royal family -> radicalism of Amarna art

9. (2-23) Tutankhamun’s Tomb, Innermost Coffin New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty c B.C.E. Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones
FLASHCARD
THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN AND THE POST-AMARNA PERIOD
Famous tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922
Mummified body of King Tutankhamen buried with 143 objects
Gold coffin, 6’7” long contained the body of the boy king

10. (2-24) Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer, From his Tomb (page from the Book of the Dead) New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty c B.C.E. Painted papyrus scroll
FLASHCARD
Illustrated papyrus scrolls were vital equipment for the tomb of elites and officials
Hu-Nefer -> royal scribe/official
Scroll found in his tomb in the Theban necropolis
Represents the final judgment of the deceased
Hu-Nefer/Anubis/scales/Ammit monster/Thoth/Horus/Osiris

11. FIRST MILLENIUM BCE
During the first millennium Egypt’s power and empire dwindled away
Conquered by Alexander the Great
Ptolemy, one of the six somatophylakes (bodyguards) who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour). The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC