1. Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages 1522-1531 (June 2016)
Gonadal Maturation Changes Chemotaxis Behavior and Neural Processing in the Olfactory Circuit of Caenorhabditis elegans 
Manabi Fujiwara, Itaru Aoyama, Takahiro Hino, Takayuki Teramoto, Takeshi Ishihara 
Current Biology 
Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages (June 2016)
DOI: /j.cub
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2. Current Biology 2016 26, 1522-1531DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.058)
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3. Figure 1
Chemotactic Responses of N2 Hermaphrodites Change during Development
(A) Odor choice assay format.
(B) Change in odor preference during development. Animals were assayed with diacetyl (1/1,000 dilution) versus benzaldehyde (1/1,000 dilution) or with diacetyl (1/1,000 dilution) versus pyrazine (0.8 mg/ml).
(C) Change in chemotaxis to single odorant sources during development. The chemotaxis index was calculated in the same way as the choice index except that the odorant diluent ethanol was used instead of odorant B.
Each data point represents the average of 6–16 assays with SEM. See also Figure S1.
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4. Figure 2 Effects of Germline on Chemotaxis
(A) N2 animals, in which the germline precursor cells (Z2 and Z3) or the germline and somatic-gonad precursor cells (Z1–Z4) were ablated, were examined for chemotaxis to pyrazine (0.04 mg/ml) and diacetyl (1/1,000 dilution). “Mock” indicates animals that were treated similar to the other animals including anesthetization, excluding ablation.
(B) Chemotaxis of glp-1(ts) mutants raised at 25°C (germline loss induced) or at 15°C (germline intact).
(C) glp-1(ts) animals, which were cultured at 25°C at the different developmental stages, were examined with the choice assay to diacetyl (1/100 dilution) over benzaldehyde (1/100 dilution).
Each data point represents the average of 76–199 animals (A) and the average of 9–20 assays (B and C) with SEM (n.s., not significant; ∗p < 0.001; t test). See also Figures S2–S4.
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5. Figure 3
The Olfactory Circuit Involved in Germline-Mediated Chemotaxis
(A) Schematic olfactory circuit of C. elegans. Each triangle, hexagon, circle, and arrow indicates a sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and major connection (chemical and electrical synapses), respectively (based on [13]).
(B) Effects of AWC-defective (ceh-36) and AWA-defective (odr-7 and odr-10) mutations on the chemotaxis of glp-1(ts) mutants.
(C and D) Effects of genetic ablations of AIB and AIY interneurons (C) and AIA interneurons (D) on the chemotaxis of a glp-1(ts) mutant.
Each data point represents the average of 15–22 assays with SEM (∗p < 0.05; t test).
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6. Figure 4 AWA Calcium Response to Diacetyl
(A) Diacetyl pulses (10−6 and 10−7 dilution, 150 s period between 30 and 180 s) were applied to wild-type and glp-1(ts) animals. Shading represents SEM.
(B) Peak size analysis. The average ratio changes during the first 5 s of diacetyl application in (A) are shown with SEM (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.001; t test).
See also Figure S5.
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7. Figure 5 AIB Calcium Response to Diacetyl
(A) Diacetyl pulses (10−5 dilution, 70 s period between 40 and 110 s) were applied to wild-type and glp-1(ts) animals. Shading represents SEM.
(B) The cumulative difference in AIB activity of individual animals. Cumulative difference was analyzed for a 40 s period preceding diacetyl application (pre) and for a 40 s period during diacetyl application (post) per the time frames indicated in (A). Right: average cumulative differences are shown with SEM (∗p < 0.05; t test).
See also Figure S6.
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8. Figure 6 DAF-16 Acts in Germline-Mediated Chemotaxis
(A) Effects of daf-16 and kri-1 mutations on the chemotaxis of a glp-1(ts) mutant.
(B) Chemotaxis to diacetyl (1/1,000 dilution) of daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) lines expressing daf-16 cDNA under the control of the daf-16 promoter, an intestine-specific promoter, or a pan-neuronal promoter.
Each data point represents the average of 21–30 assays with SEM (∗p < 0.05; t test).
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