1. SOME DAY, WE’LL BE TRADING OUR FEET FOR METERS.
THE METRIC SYSTEM
SOME DAY, WE’LL BE TRADING OUR FEET FOR METERS.

2. THE METRIC SYSTEM IS BASED ON THREE DEFINED UNITS.
m the meter for length
kg the kilogram for mass
s the second for time
ALL THE OTHER UNITS ARE DERIVED FROM THESE THREE.
BY COMPARISON: 1 m = yard
1 kg = lb
1 s = 1 s

3. WE CAN COMBIND THE KILOGRAM, THE METER, AND THE SECOND TO MAKE MORE UNITS.
AREA = LENGTH X LENGTH = m x m = m2
VOLUME = L X L X L = m x m x m = m3
1 m3 = 1,000 liters
The liter is the unit we will use for volume.
1 liter = quarts = 1.06 quarts

4. THE ORIGINAL METRIC SYSTEM WAS STARTED IN FRANCE IN 1670.
THE SYSTEM, AS WE KNOW IT, WAS PUT IN PLACE IN 1960, AND IS KNOWN AS THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT, OR "Système International” IN FRENCH OR SI.

5. THE MORE COMMON PREFIXES
Symbol
Magnitude
Multiplier
giga- G
109
mega- M
106
kilo- k
103
1000
hecto- h
102
100
deka- da 10 -
deci- d
10-1
0.1
centi- c
10-2
0.01
milli- m
10-3
0.001
micro-
µ (mu)
10-6
nano- n
10-9
pico- p
10-12
THE MORE COMMON PREFIXES

6. OUR MORE COMMON UNITS OF MEASURE:
MASS: gram, g grams = 1 lb
1 kilogram, kg = 1000 g
1 milligram = g
VOLUME: liter, l 1 l = 1.06 quarts
1 milliliter, ml = l
LENGTH: meter, m 1 meter = 1.09 yard
1 cm = 0.01 m 2.54 cm = 1 inch
1 mm = m

7. SOME COMPARISONS
LENGTH: A DIME IS 1 mm THICK
A QUARTER IS 2.5 cm DIAMETER
AV. HEIGTH OF ADULT MALE 1.8 m
MASS: A NICKEL IS 5 g
A 120 lb PERSON HAS A MASS OF kg
VOLUME: A 12 oz SODA HAS A VOLUME OF ml

8. ANOTHER IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT IS TEMPERATURE.
TEMPERATURE IS A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY.
THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE, THE FASTER THE PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP THE OBJECT ARE VIBRATING (SOLID) OR MOVING (LIQUID OR GAS).
THERE ARE THREE TEMPERATURE SCALES THAT ARE USED – FAHRENHEIT, CELCIUS, AND KELVIN.

10. THESE SCALES DIFFER BY THE TEMPERATURES SELECTED FOR THE REFERENCE POINTS.
THEY ALL USE THE SAME THREE REFERENCE POINTS:
- THE BOILING POINT OF WATER
- THE FREEZING POINT OF WATER
- ABSOLUTE ZERO
THE EXTERNAL PRESSURE IS 1 ATMOSPHERE (760 MM Hg) FOR THE BOILING POING AND THE FREEZING POINT.

11. From
to Fahrenheit
to Celsius
to Kelvin ºF F
(ºF – 32) * 5/9
(ºF-32)*5/ ºC
(ºC * 9/5) + 32 C ºC K
(K )*9/5+32 K
THE CONVERSION EQUATIONS REFLECT THE DIFFERENCES IN NUMBER OF DEGREES BETWEEN THE REFERENCE POINTS AND THE VALUES SELECTED FOR THE REFERENCE POINTS.

12. SOME OF THE EQUIPMENT WE WILL USE

13. 12 grams ANY MEASUREMENT HAS TWO PARTS – A NUMBER AND A UNIT.
number units
WE REPORT A MEASUREMENT BY RECORDING ALL THE CERTAIN DIGITS PLUS THE FIRST UNCERTAIN DIGIT.
THESE ARE CALLED SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

14. WHEN YOU ARE DOING AN EXPERIMENT, YOU SHOULD RECORD YOUR RESULTS TO THE APROPRIATE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES – THIS WAY, THE UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT WILL BE KNOWN.
FOR EXAMPLE, RATHER THAN WRITING
25 ml
IF YOUR MEASUREMENT IS ACCURATE TO THE NEAREST 0.01 ml, YOU WOULD WRITE
25.00 ml

15. A COUPLE OF TERMS YOU WILL HERE IN REFERENCE TO MEASUREMENTS ARE:
ACCURACY – REFERS TO THE AGREEMENT OF A PARTICULAR VALUE WITH THE TRUE VALUE.
PRECISION – REFERS TO THE DEGREE OF AGREEMENT AMONG SEVERAL VALUES.

16.
THIS IS A TUTORIAL ON THE USE OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. WORK THE FIRST 10 SAMPLE PROBLEMS.