1. 1. Infrastructure: ROADS, BRIDGES, and the TRANSONTINENTAL RAILROAD
Industrialization!
Keys to successful industrialization:
1. Infrastructure: ROADS, BRIDGES, and the TRANSONTINENTAL RAILROAD

2. 2. RAW MATERIALS America has huge supplies of:
COAL: Applachian Mountains
IRON: Minnesota
OIL: Pennsylvania
IRON
OIL
COAL

3. 3. TECHNOLOGY STEAM POWER to Run Machines ELECTRICITY replaces STEAM
Number of new patents issued:
Shows creativity and inventiveness of
AMERICANS!

4. Thomas Alva Edison
“Wizard of
Menlo Park”
NEW JERSEY!!!!!

5. Edison’s inventions a. The Light Bulb

6. b. The Phonograph (1877)

7. c. The Motion Picture Camera
EDISON’S FAVORITE INVENTION!

8. Alexander Graham Bell
INVENTS: Telephone (1876)

9. BIG INDUSTRIES NEEDED BIG CORPORATIONS
Corporations: Companies owned by many people who pooled their money to build a business
Captains of Industry (GREAT BUSINESSMAN):
Andrew Carnegie: US Steel
John Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company

10. Rockefeller was an aggressive businessman
Rockefeller was an aggressive businessman. Standard Oil crushed its competitors (not always honestly).

11. Iron & Steel Production
Carnegie created a Steel Empire that was eventually worth a billion dollars!
He gave away most of his wealth to Charity

12. % of Billionaires in 1900

13. Who is creating all of the wealth?

14. Workers vs. Bosses!
Who has more power the worker or the boss?
The boss owns the factory, what does the worker own?
How much should a boss pay a worker?
How can workers fight bosses????

15. Low wages ($3-$12 per week) Dangerous conditions Child labor common
Workers Conditions
Long Hours (72-84 per week)
Low wages ($3-$12 per week)
Dangerous conditions
Child labor common
Sweatshops system (making clothes)

16. UNIONS ARE FORMED Workers join together (unionize)
STRENGTH IN NUMBERS!!
Unions use their power to put pressure on the bosses: HOW?
Negotiations
Job Action: Slow downs and sick-outs
STRIKE!!! Last alternative. Workers did not get paid, tried to put pressure on the boss by not producing.

17. BOSSES FIGHT BACK Early Unions had a hard time winning: WHY?
Bosses had lots of money
Bosses hired SCABS (non-union workers)
Bosses could use influence to get government support

18. MASSIVE IMMIGRATION Old immigration: before Civil War
NEW IMMIGRATION: After CIVIL WAR
Italian
Poles
Eastern European: Russians
New Religions
Jewish
Eastern Orthodox

19. Why come to America? HOW DID THEY GET HERE? ELLIS ISLAND
1. OPPORTUNITY
2. FREEDOM
HOW DID THEY GET HERE?
STEAMSHIP: STEERAGE COMPARTMENT
ELLIS ISLAND
PROCESSING CENTER FOR IMMIGRANTS
“SIX SECOND” MEDICAL EXAM: If you looked ok they let you in

20. Life of an IMMIGRANT CULTURE SHOCK! Awareness of new things
ETHNIC ISLANDS: Neighborhoods full of immigrants
CHINATOWN
LITTLE ITALY
ANTI-IMMIGRANT FEELINGS? Nothing New
NATIVISM: Dislike of foreign-born citizens

21. CORRUPTION IN AMERICA
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS and BUSINESSMAN worked to together to make themselves rich

22. FARMERS FIGHT BACK Farmers organized to demand:
Higher prices for their products and
Better policies from Banks

23. AMERICA EXPANDS: THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
Spain was old, weak, and rich
Spain controlled: CUBA, THE PHILIPPINES, GUAM, AND PUERTO RICO
US wants CONTROL of these colonies

24. Spanish American WAR! The US picks a fight with SPAIN
An AMERICAN battleship visiting CUBA mysteriously BLOWS UP!
The US blames SPAIN and declares WAR
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
US crushes SPAIN
US GETS: PUERTO RICO, GUAM forever
SPAIN LOSES CONTROL: CUBA and PHILIPPINES