1. The New Frontier and The Great Society
Chapter 28
The New Frontier and The Great Society

2. Kennedy and the Cold War
John F. Kennedy: 35th Pres. Of USA
Won election of 1960 against Nixon
The first televised debate happened during his campaign (it helped him win)
During his campaign, he took steps to help Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement (helped him get voters in the south and Midwest)

3. Kennedy and the Cold War
The Camelot Years: When the Kennedy family was in the White House
JFK and wife Jacqueline were young, educated, and cultured
The whole family fascinated the public
“The best and the brightest”: What Kennedy called his team of advisors

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7. Kennedy and the Cold War
New Military Policy
Cold War was still going on
Kennedy did not want to use Nuclear threats over minor conflicts
Flexible Response: JFK’s policy to strengthen non-nuclear military forces to prevent nuclear war

8. Kennedy and the Cold War
Crisis Over Cuba
Cuba: small island nation off coast of FL
Fidel Castro: Openly Communist leader of Cuba and ally to Soviet Union
Bay of Pigs
Eisenhower started a program to train Cuban Exiles by the CIA to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro
JFK approved the plan 9 days into his term
The invasion was a complete failure and JFK had to apologize and pay Cuba $53 mil in supplies

10. Kennedy and the Cold War
Cuban Missile Crisis (summer 1962)
Khrushchev (Soviet Union Leader) supplied Cuba with nuclear weapons
JFK said a missile attack from Cuba would result in all out war with the Soviet Union
October 1962: Pictures were taken of bases in Cuba with missiles that were ready to be launched
For 6 days we were on the brink of nuclear war
An agreement that Khrushchev would take missiles out of Cuba if the US would not attack Cuba and remove missiles from Turkey ended the crisis

11. Kennedy and the Cold War
Crisis Over Berlin
Berlin Wall: A large stone wall that split the city in half (½ capitalist; ½ communist)
Yet another territorial conflict between the Soviet Union and the U.S.A.

12. The Promise of Progress
New Frontier: What JFK called all of the undiscovered scientific advancements that he wanted to find
Mandate: a clear indication of voter approval of plans
JFK did not have a mandate to spend so much on science and domestic reform
Peace Corps: one of these new programs
People went to other countries to volunteer
Alliance for Progress: also a new program
Gave money and new technology to Latin America

13. Race to the Moon Soviets had the first man in space
Americans wanted to compete so they heavily funded NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
July 20, 1969: American Neil Armstrong took the first steps on the moon

14. American Poverty
Written about in Michael Harrington’s “The Other America”
Exposed 50 million Americans living on less than $1,000 a year
The Civil Rights Movement was also fighting this

15. Assassination of JFK
While on a trip to Dallas, TX JFK was allegedly assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald
Warren Commission: a group set up to investigate whether or not Oswald killed Kennedy and why
They discovered that there may have been another gunman and there may have been a conspiracy

16. The Great Society
Lyndon B. Johnson took over for JFK because he was VP
Texas native
Different from JFK
Still worked to complete JFK’s work in honor of the assassinated president
He got Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Economic Opportunity Act

17. The Great Society
Civil Rights Act 1957: prohibited discrimination based on race, gender, religion, and national origin
Economic Opportunity Act: almost $1 billion for youth programs, anti-poverty programs, small business loans, and job training

18. The Great Society LBJ was reelected in 1964
From , LBJ got Congress to pass several laws about poverty, racial injustice, education, environment, etc.
He used the term Great Society to describe an America without poverty or racial injustice
Pushed for much more funding for schools (he thought education was key to great society)

19. Specific LBJ Laws
Medicare: provided health insurance to almost every American over 65
Medicaid: provided health insurance to the poor
Immigration Act of 1965: opened the door for many non-European immigrants and ended quota’s

20. The Warren Court
The Supreme Court under LBJ was very liberal and also wanted to address some of the problems he did
It was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren
Banned prayer in public school
Changed reapportionment: the way states draw election districts

21. Do Not Write Example of Reapportionment
Dracut
Methuen
Billerica
Chelmsford
Westford
Littleton
Acton
Boxborough
Dracut
Methuen
Lowell
Lawrence
Medford
Malden
Somerville
Haverhill