1. An efficient reversible data hiding method for AMBTC compressed images
Sourse: Multimedia Tools and Applications, Volume 76, Issue 4, February 2017, pp 5441–5460
Authors: Wien Hong, Yuan-Bo Ma, Hung-Che Wu, Tung-Shou Chen
Speaker: Wang Xu
Date: /11/01

2. Outline Introduction Related work Proposed method Experiment results
Conclusions

3. Introduction(1/2) Type I
Secret data： ···
Compressed image
Stego image
Secret data： ···
Stego image
Compressed image

4. Introduction(2/2) Type II
Secret data： ······
Stego codes： ······
Compressed image
Stego codes： ······
Secret data： ······
Compressed image

5. Related work – AMBTC Higher quantization Original block Bitmap
value: 111
Original block
Bitmap
Compressed block 55
117
116 47 73 97 94 69 64
110 92 68 99
162
108 55
117
116 47 73 97 94 69 64
110 92 68 99
162
108 1 64
111
Block mean: 90
Lower quantization
value: 64

6. Related work – Sun et al.’s method
Higher quantization value map
H1,1
H1,2
H1,3
H1,4
H1,5 …
H1,j
H2,1
H2,2
H2,3
H2,4
H2,5
H2,j
H3,1
H3,2
H3,3
H3,4
H3,5
H3,j
H4,1
H4,2
H4,3
H4,4
H4,5
H4,j
H5,1
H5,2
H5,3
H5,4
H5,5
H5,j
Hi,1
Hi,2
Hi,3
Hi,4
Hi,5
Hi,j
Division information
𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2
Xor-ed secret bits
Prediction error
B1,1
B1,2
B1,3
B1,4
B1,5 …
B1,j
B2,1
B2,2
B2,3
B2,4
B2,5
B2,j
B3,1
B3,2
B3,3
B3,4
B3,5
B3,j
B4,1
B4,2
B4,3
B4,4
B4,5
B4,j
B5,1
B5,2
B5,3
B5,4
B5,5
B5,j
Bi,1
Bi,2
Bi,3
Bi,4
Bi,5
Bi,j
H1,1
H1,2
H1,3
H1,4
H1,5 …
H1,j
H2,1
H2,2
H2,3
H2,4
H2,5
H2,j
H3,1
H3,2
H3,3
H3,4
H3,5
H3,j
H4,1
H4,2
H4,3
H4,4
H4,5
H4,j
H5,1
H5,2
H5,3
H5,4
H5,5
H5,j
Hi,1
Hi,2
Hi,3
Hi,4
Hi,5
Hi,j
𝐶 𝑖 𝐿 = 𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐿 )2
Stego code 𝐶 𝑖 = 𝐵 𝑖 || 𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 || 𝐶 𝑖 𝐿
Bitmap
Lower quantization value map
Sun W, Lu ZM, Wen YC, Yu FX, Shen RJ (2013) High performance reversible data hiding for block truncation coding compressed images. SIViP 7(2):297–306

7. Related work – Sun et al.’s method - encoding
Higher mean map
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻
H1,1
H1,2
H1,3
H1,4
H1,5 …
H1,j
H2,1
H2,2
H2,3
H2,4
H2,5
H2,j
H3,1
H3,2
H3,3
H3,4
H3,5
H3,j
H4,1
H4,2
H4,3
H4,4
H4,5
H4,j
H5,1
H5,2
H5,3
H5,4
H5,5
H5,j
Hi,1
Hi,2
Hi,3
Hi,4
Hi,5
Hi,j
𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑞 𝑖 𝐻 − 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176−189=−13
𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 =102
192
191
189
177
176
192
191
189
177
176
m = 4
𝑞 𝑖 𝐻
(𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2=11012
Secret bits
(01)2
(10)2
(11)2
(00)2
(01)2
(10)2
(11)2
(00)2
102 ⊕
112
𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2=
012
Key-generated
random bits

8. Related work – Sun et al.’s method - decoding
𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2= ····2
𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 =102
Secret bits
112
Key-generated
random bits
012 ⊕
102
m = 4
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻
(𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2=−11012=−1310
(01)2
(10)2
(11)2
(00)2
(01)2
(10)2
(11)2
(00)2
192
191
189
177
𝑞 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 + 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =189+ −13 =176

9. Related work – Median Edge Detection (MED) predictor
Hong W, Chen TS, Shiu CW (2009) Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors. J Syst Software 82:1833–1842

10. Proposed method – Alternative Prediction (AP) technique
First: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 then: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐿
First: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 then: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻

11. Proposed method – Centralized Error Division (CED) technique

12. Proposed method – encoding
𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑞 𝑖 𝐻 − 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176−176=0
192
191
176
𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 =002
(𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2=empty
𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2 =
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176
𝑞 𝑖 𝐻
102⊕012 =112
First: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 then: 𝑝 𝑖 𝐿
𝑠 𝑖,1 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,2 ′
Stego code 𝐶 𝑖 = 𝐵 𝑖 || 𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 || 𝐶 𝑖 𝐿
𝑠 𝑖,3 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,4 ′
002⊕012 =012 75
182 70
172
𝐶 𝑖 𝐿 = 𝑠 𝑖,3 ′ 𝑠 𝑖,4 ′ || 𝑑 𝑖,3 𝑑 𝑖,4 || (𝑒 𝑖 𝐻 )2 =
𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 =177
𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 =176
𝑞 𝑖 𝐿
𝑒 𝑖 𝐿 = 𝑞 𝑖 𝐿 − 𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 =172−176=−4
𝑑 𝑖,3 𝑑 𝑖,4 =012
(𝑒 𝑖 𝐿 )2=01002 L

13. Proposed method – decoding
192
191
176
192
191
176
𝑑 𝑖,1 𝑑 𝑖,2 =002
𝐶 𝑖 𝐻 = 11 00···2
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176
𝑝 𝑖 𝐻 =176
𝑞 𝑖 𝐻 = 𝑝 𝑖 𝐻
112⊕012 =102
𝑠 𝑖,1 𝑠 𝑖,2
012⊕012 =002
𝑠 𝑖,3 𝑠 𝑖,4 75
182 70 75
182 70
172
𝐶 𝑖 𝐿 = ···2
𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 =177
𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 =176
𝑑 𝑖,3 𝑑 𝑖,4 =012
𝑞 𝑖 𝐿 = 𝑝 𝑖 𝐿 − 𝑒 𝑖 𝐿 =176−01002=176−4=172 L

14. Experiment results(1/3)
Bit−rate= The codestream length pixels of image
The bit-rate comparison for six test images

15. Experiment results(2/3)
Sun W, Lu ZM, Wen YC, Yu FX, Shen RJ (2013) High performance reversible data hiding for block truncation coding compressed images. SIViP 7(2):297–306

16. Experiment results(3/3)
Chen J, HongW, Chen TS, Shiu CW (2010) Steganography for BTC compressed images using no distortion technique. Imag Sci J 58(4):177–185
Zhang Y, Guo SZ, Lu ZM, Luo H (2013) Reversible data hiding for BTC-compressed images based on lossless coding of mean tables. IEICE Trans Commun E96.B(2):624–631
Sun W, Lu ZM, Wen YC, Yu FX, Shen RJ (2013) High performance reversible data hiding for block truncation coding compressed images. SIViP 7(2):297–306 12

17. Conclusions
Proposed better prediction techniques(MED and AP) and more efficient error divisions(CED).
Comparable embedding capacity
Lower bit-rate
Higher efficiency

18. Thanks