1. Bones! 2 categories Function: Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton
Support, protection, body movement, hematopoeisis, fat storage, mineral storage

2. Axial Skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, and thorax

4. Classification of bones
Long Bones:
Longer than they are wide
Ex: humerus, radius
Short Bones:
Bones that are somewhat cube-shaped
Ex: Tarsals (ankle bones), carpals (wrist bones)
Flat Bones:
Thin with 2 layers of compact bones sandwiching spongy bone
Ex: Cranial bones (skull), ribs, scapula
Irregular Bones: Varied shape
Ex: vertebrae
Wormian Bones (sutural bones):
Bones within the sutures (joints) of the skull
Sesamoid Bones:
Bones that develop in tendons
Ex: Patellae (knee caps)

6. Bone Markings
Reveal where the bones form joints; where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach; where blood vessels and nerves are passed
2 groups:
1 ) projections/ processes
2) Depressions/ cavities

7. Processes/ Projections
Process – extension of a bone away from the bone’s surface.
Line - narrow ridge or border. Example: linea aspera of femur.
Condyle – rounded eminence that articulates with a depression or a fossa on another bone.
Epicondyle – raised, rounded area located above a condyle.
Trochanter – very large, roughened, raised area found on the femur. 
Tuberosity – similar to a trochanter but smaller.
Crest – narrow ridge of bone.
Tubercle – small rough process for muscle or tendon attachment
Spine – sharp, slender projection
Head – rounded, enlarged end of a long bone, Sits atop a narrow portion of the bone called the neck.
Ramus - arm-like bar of bone

8. Depressions/ Cavities
Fossa – shallow depression that usually articulates with a condyle or head of another bone. Sometimes referred to as cavities.
Foramen (pl. foramina) – hole for passage of nerves, blood vessels, or the spinal cord.
Meatus – canal-like passageway.
Facet - Smooth flat articular surface. Ex: Superior Articular facet of vertebra. Forms parts of joints.
Line - narrow ridge or border. Example: linea aspera of femur.
Sinus - hollow cavity within bone
Fissure – deep grooves or slit-like opening

9. f Cranial Bones
Facial Bones g

10. Anterior Aspects of the Skull

11. Inferior Portion of the Skull

13. Fig. 8.10a

14. Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
Figure 7.3a

15. Inferior Portion of the Skull
Figure 7.4b

16. Sphenoid Bone
Figure 7.6a, b

18. Hyoid

21. Skull: Posterior View
(Wormian Bone)
Figure 7.2b

22. Figure 7.11
Title:
Small Facial Bones
Caption:
Facial bones, anterior view
Notes:
Many small bones contribute to facial architecture including: nasal bones, the vomer, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic bones, and lacrimal bones.

24. Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures