1. Wastewater effects on Drinking Water
Ask for questions after each slide.

2. Natural Water Cycle

3. Wastewater has a historical relationship with Drinking Water
Mid 1800s- Cholera outbreak in London
Direct link to sewage contamination
1900s- industrial and agricultural advancements caused man-made pollution in water sources that carried into drinking water treatment systems

4. Sanitation Through the Ages
1804- First municipal drinking water purification plant is built in Scotland
1827- Invention of slow sand filtration
1880s- rapid sand filtration
1852- London passes Metropolitan Water Act of 1852
Implications of the Industrial Revolution are seen in polluted water sources
1908- chlorine disinfection first used in New Jersey
1914- US Public Health Service set bacteriological standards
1962- revised for 28 substances
1974- Safe Drinking Water Act
Used gravel filtration and concentric sand
Rapid included pretreatment, backwashing, settling, and charcoal filtration
Standards are driven by defined deficiencies

5. Wastewater and Drinking Water are still closely tied
Man-made contaminants from factory discharge
PFAs/ PFOAs
Community wastewater discharge not meeting permit requirements
Land application of biosolids

6. Current Deficiencies Source water quality Source water availability
Problems
Solutions
Source water quality
Emerging contaminants
Harder to treat
Dead zones
Source water availability
Aquifer draw-down
Zone of depression
Salt-water intrusion
Groundwater recharge
Desalination
Grey water reuse
UCMR studies
Regulations

7. The Anthropocene Water Cycle

8. Groundwater Artificial Recharge
Enhance groundwater yield in depleted sources
Infiltration basin- most common method
Direct injection
Displacement of well water with treated wastewater
Inhibit salt water intrusion
Limit sink holes- cone of depression

9. Water Reuse San Francisco Public Utilities Headquarters
Rainwater Harvesting System
25,000 gallon cistern
Reuse for irrigation
Wetland Treatment System
Collects and treats building’s wastewater
Reuse for toilet flushing
5,000 gpd capacity

10. Grey Water Reuse The Solaire Battery Park, NYC 25,000 gpd
Membrane bioreactor treatment
Toilet flushing, cooling, irrigation
Operating since 2004
Driver: reduce wastewater flow

11. Education

12. Education

13. Contact Info
Alexis Premeaux
Office:
Cell: