1. Paying for Election Campaigns
Chapter 10 Section 3

2. What happens during a campaign?
Election Campaigns
A campaign tries to convince citizens to vote for a candidate. Campaign workers try to help the public learn the candidates face, name, and his or her main issues.
What happens during a campaign?
Canvassing – When campaign workers travel through neighborhoods to try and raise support for a candidate.
Endorsements – Famous people or companies may endorse (announce that they support) a particular candidate to help them gain support.
Advertisements – Candidates use T.V., radio, and internet to help the people hear their message. Propaganda (where only one person or idea is promoted) is often used in advertising.

3. CAMPAIGN TIMELINE
Candidates declare their intention to run for the office of president.
States hold primaries and caucuses to choose delegates for national party conventions.
Delegates at national party conventions choose Republican and Democratic nominees for president and vice president.
On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors from all 50 states vote for president and vice president.
On January 6, the President of the Senate counts the electoral votes. To win the election, a candidate must receive one half of the total votes plus one vote.
Democratic and Republican candidates campaign for their party's nomination. Independent candidates circulate petitions to qualify for a certificate of nomination.
On the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, voters choose presidential electors in a general election.
Independent candidates campaign for public support.
On January 20, the new president and vice president are inaugurated.
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4. Election 2008 Campaign Spending
Candidate
Money Raised
Money Spent
Clinton, Hillary
$23.7 million
$26 million
Edwards, John
$7.2 million
$8.3 million
Giuliani, Rudy
$10.2 million
$13 million
Obama, Barack
$19.3 million
$21.3 million
Romney, Mitt
$45 million
$52.8 million
Thompson, Fred
$12.8 million
$5.4 million

5. Campaign spending in billions by election year

6. 2008 Campaign spending on TV ads
Candidate
Times a TV ad has run
Amount spent
Mitt Romney (R)
11,048
$ 8,594,506
Barack Obama (D)
3,910
$ 2,349,233
Hillary Clinton (D)
2,125
$ 1,307,329
John Edwards (D)
544
$ 384,216
Fred Thompson (R) 12
$ 69,060

7. How are campaigns funded?
Hard Money – Amount of money that can be directly donated to a political party or candidate. It is limited by the Federal Election Commission. Any donation over $ must be reported.
Public Funding – Citizens can designate part of their yearly taxes to a specific political parties. Presidential candidates can access this money if they raise $100, of their own money.
Soft Money – Donations made to a political party without designating funds for a specific candidate. This money can be donated by citizens, Political Action Committees, or interest groups. There is not a limit on soft money donations.

8. Campaign Reform McCain-Feingold Act
It prohibits federal officeholders, political parties, and federal candidates from taking soft money donations.
It raises the amount of hard money donations that are allowed.
The limits were set to keep a few rich and powerful people from gaining too much control in Washington. It allows ordinary citizens to have a more balanced influence because it promotes more smaller soft money donations.