1. 18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700
QUIT 18
CHAPTER
The Muslim World
Expands, 1300–1700
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
SECTION 1
The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
SECTION 2
Patterns of Change: Cultural Blending
GRAPH
SECTION 3
The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
Visual Summary

2. 18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700
HOME 18
CHAPTER
The Muslim World
Expands, 1300–1700
Chapter Overview
Between the 14th and the 16th centuries, three powerful Islamic empires emerge between India and the Balkans. The Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Persia, and the Mughals of India successfully deal with ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity, but eventually fall prey to internal corruption and external pressure.

3. 18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 HOME Time Line 1300 1700
CHAPTER
The Muslim World
Expands, 1300–1700
Time Line
1300 Osman founds Ottoman state.
1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople.
1526 Babur founds Mughal Empire.
1631 Shah Jahan orders construction of Taj Mahal.
1300
1700
1398 Timur the Lame destroys Delhi.
1501 Safavids conquer Persia.
1587 Shah Abbas rules Safavid Empire.

4. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Key Idea 1
HOME 1
The Ottomans Build
a Vast Empire
MAP
Key Idea
Turkish religious warriors along the Byzantine frontier capture Constantinople and build an enduring empire. Their realm combines elements from many cultures and religions and eventually stretches from the Balkans to North Africa and Persia.
Overview
Assessment

5. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Overview 1 • ghazi • Osman
HOME 1
The Ottomans Build
a Vast Empire
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• ghazi
• Osman
• Timur the Lame
• Mehmet II
• Suleiman the Lawgiver
• janissary
• devshirme
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that combined many cultures and lasted for more than 600 years.
Many modern societies—from Algeria to the Balkan countries—had their origins under Ottoman rule.
Assessment

6. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1
HOME 1
The Ottomans Build
a Vast Empire
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
1. List the main rulers of the Ottoman Empire and their chief accomplishments.
Ottoman Ruler
Major Accomplishment
Osman
Establishes Ottoman state
Murad II
Expands empire
Mehmet II
Conquers Constantinople
Selim the Grim
Defeats Safavids and captures Islamic holy cities
Suleiman I
Unifies and expands empire
Selim II
Loses the Battle of Lepanto
continued . . .

7. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1
HOME 1
The Ottomans Build
a Vast Empire
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
2. Do you think that the Ottomans were wise in staffing their military and government with slaves? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• the loyalty of slaves to the sultan
• the training slaves received
• others who might have served in the government
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Yes—Slaves received excellent education and training and had the chance to rise to high positions; they were loyal to the sultan.
No—Slaves were forcibly taken from their homes and would be alert for opportunities to rebel or escape from the palace.
continued . . .

8. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 1
HOME 1
The Ottomans Build
a Vast Empire
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
3. Do you think that Suleiman’s religious tolerance helped or hurt the Ottoman Empire? Explain.
THINK ABOUT
• Suleiman’s treatment of non-Muslims
• the effect on the individual religious groups
• the long-term effect on the empire as a whole
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Helped—kept people of various religions happy
Hurt—did not encourage people to think of themselves as part of one Ottoman nation
End of Section 1

9. Cultural Blending Key Idea CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2
HOME 2
Cultural Blending
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire
Key Idea
Interactions among diverse people in the Islamic world give rise to a new cultural mix. The Safavids draw on Shi’a religious ideology, ancient Persian traditions, and Ottoman political ideas to forge a new Persian culture.
Overview
Assessment

10. Cultural Blending Overview CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 • Safavid
HOME 2
Cultural Blending
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Safavid
• Isma’il
• Shah Abbas
• Isfahan
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Many world cultures incorporate influences from various peoples and traditions.
Modern Iran, which plays a key role in global politics, is descended from the culturally diverse Safavid Empire.
Assessment

11. Powerful Safavid Empire
HOME 2
Cultural Blending
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the events that enabled the Safavids to build a powerful empire.
Powerful Safavid Empire
Effect
Events
Shi’ism becomes state religion.
Isma’il builds a powerful army.
Isma’il expands the empire.
Trade, industry, and art flourish.
Shah Abbas reforms military, society, and government.
continued . . .

12. Cultural Blending 2 CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2
HOME 2
Cultural Blending
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire
Section 2
Assessment
2. Within a century after the Safavids adopted Shi’a Islam, their leader, Isma’il, became a religious tyrant. Why might he have become so intolerant? THINK ABOUT
• the persecution of Safavids by Ottoman Sunni Muslims
• the role of religion in Safavid life
• the geographic location of the Safavid Empire
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Because the Sunni persecuted Shi’a, Isma’il wanted to strengthen Shi’ism and spread it throughout the empire. He may have believed that this was the only way to overcome Sunni opposition in Iran and from the Ottomans.
End of Section 2

13. The Mughals Establish an Empire in India Key Idea 3
HOME 3
The Mughals Establish
an Empire in India
GRAPH
Key Idea
The Mughals, Sunni Muslim Turks from Central Asia, conquer India and bring together Turks, Persians, and Indians in a vast empire.
Overview
Assessment

14. The Mughals Establish an Empire in India Overview 3 • Mughal • Babur
HOME 3
The Mughals Establish
an Empire in India
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Mughal
• Babur
• Akbar
• Jahangir
• Nur Jahan
• Sikh
• Shah Jahan
• Taj Mahal
• Aurangzeb
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians, and Indians together in a vast empire.
The legacy of great art and deep social division left by the Mughal Empire still influences southern Asia.
Assessment

15. The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3
HOME 3
The Mughals Establish
an Empire in India
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Indicate the effects each leader below had on the Mughal Empire. Include both positive and negative effects in your answer.
Babur expanded the empire.
Babur
Akbar
Jahangir /
Nur Jahan
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb + -
Akbar left a better government and a flowering of culture.
Jahangir and Nur Jahan sparked religious conflict with the Sikhs.
Shah Jahan made life difficult for Hindus.
Aurangzeb waged costly wars.
continued . . .

16. The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3
HOME 3
The Mughals Establish
an Empire in India
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
2. In what ways was the golden age of Akbar similar to and different from the flowering of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas and of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I? THINK ABOUT
• the rulers’ cultural and military achievements
• their tolerance of other cultures
• their successors
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Similar—Governmental reform, cultural blending and flowering, military leadership
Different—Akbar didn’t murder his sons.
continued . . .

17. The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 3
HOME 3
The Mughals Establish
an Empire in India
GRAPH
Section 3
Assessment
3. Do you think Shah Jahan made good use of his power and authority? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• how Shah Jahan came to power
• the beautiful buildings he built
• conditions in India during his reign
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Yes—Shah Jahan kept the empire together and built magnificent buildings that reflected the empire’s glory.
No—He turned his back on his suffering people while constructing beautiful buildings, living extravagantly, and pursuing war.
End of Section 3