1. GREEN CHEMISTRY Lab Safety Course Week VIII

2. Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 
Tripod of sustainable development
United Nations Documents, Our common future, Chapter 2

3. Population vs production
Comparison of global population and global chemical production.
Assumption: Chemical production rate increases 3% per year while population increases 0.77% per year.

4. Green Chemistry
“Green chemistry is the design and use of methods that eliminate health and environmental hazards in the manufacture and use of chemicals.”
Twelve principles of green chemistry:
Prevent waste. Design chemical syntheses to prevent waste, leaving no waste to treat or clean up. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
Wastes present hazards to individuals.
Less waste safer for employees.
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

5. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
2. Design safer chemicals and products. Design chemical products to be fully effective, yet have little or no toxicity.
Less toxic substances safer for employees.
3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses. Design syntheses to use and generate substances with little or no toxicity to humans and the environment.
4. Use renewable feedstocks. Use raw materials and feedstocks that are renewable rather than depleting. Renewable feedstocks are often made from agricultural products or are the wastes of other processes; depleting feedstocks are made from fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, or coal) or are mined.
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

6. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
5. Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents. Minimize waste by using catalytic reactions. Catalysts are used in small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are used in excess and work only once.
Milder conditions safer for employees.
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

7. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
6. Avoid chemical derivatives. Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any temporary modifications if possible.
Derivatives use additional reagents and generate waste.
Fewer reagents/intermediates fewer hazards safer for employees
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

8. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
7. Maximize atom economy. Design syntheses so that the final product contains the maximum proportion of the starting materials. There should be few, if any, wasted atoms.
Fewer (potentially) hazardous by-products safer for employees.
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

9. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
8. Use safer solvents and reaction conditions. Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals. If these chemicals are necessary, use innocuous chemicals.
Safer (or no!) solvent(s)/auxiliary agents safer for employees
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

10. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
9. Increase energy efficiency. Run chemical reactions at ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible.
No high temperature and high pressure, no cry!
Ambient T and P safer for employees
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

11. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
10. Design chemicals and products to degrade after use. Design chemical products to break down to innocuous substances after use so that they do not accumulate in the environment.
11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution. Include in-process real-time monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate the formation of by-products.
Prevention of real-time, in-process hazards safer for employees.
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars

12. Twelve principles of Green Chemistry
12. Minimize the potential for accidents. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.
«The goal of green chemistry is to protect the environment but, as this goal is addressed, the lab and manufacturing facility also become safer for employees.»
P. Anastas and J. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 8–9.
D. Finster, J Whitford and J Fortunak. «How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”. ACS Webinars