1. Thanks to Ms. Dozier and Ms. Kimball for this presentation
mRNA to Protein
Thanks to Ms. Dozier and Ms. Kimball for this presentation

2. 3 Types of RNA
mRNA (messenger): Brings info from DNA in nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer): associates three RNA bases (codon) with amino acid
rRNA (ribosomal): part of ribosomal machinery

3. Protein A protein is a polymer Monomers are called Amino Acids (AAs)
AAs are held together by peptide bonds, so a protein is also called a polypeptide
20 types of AAs
Protein function is determined by the order and number of AAs

4. Amino Acids
Each amino acid has same backbone
Different “R” groups

5. Protein Structure
After the AAs are strung together they are folded into a 3-D shape
Must be folded to do a job
Unfolded proteins called “denatured”

6. Protein Function Used for: cellular structure movement defense
transport
communication
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

7. How are proteins made?
Now that we know a little more about proteins and why they’re important, let’s continue looking at how they are made!
We’ve looked at the first part of protein synthesis. What was it called?

8. 2 Parts of Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Translation

9. Translation (Part 2 of Protein Synthesis)
mRNA travels from nucleus to cytoplasm and attaches to ribosome
Ribosome "decodes" mRNA sequence
Each 3 nucleotide mRNA section is a codon that codes for an amino acid (AA)
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) then transport the amino acids to polypeptide chain (each tRNA anticodon corresponds to an mRNA codon)

10. Codons Series of 3 nucleotides which codes for a specific amino acid.
64 codons code for 20 amino acids.
1 codon can code for ONE amino acid ONLY
But…
Several codons can code for the same amino acid

11. Codons One start codon- AUG Also codes for Methionine (Met)
3 stop codons
UAA, UAG, UGA

12. Practice
Amino Acid:
Use your Codon Table and list the amino acids in your notes that each codon codes for. m

13. Protein Synthesis

14. Translate this DNA sequence to mRNA, tRNA, and then AAs in your notes:
: TAC TGC ATA CTG GGC ATC
: AUG ACG UAU GAC CCG UAG
: UAC UGC AUA CUG GGC AUC
:start Thr Tyr Asp Pro Stop
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
AAs
Use mRNA codon