1. Osmolarity effects on bovine articular chondrocytes during three-dimensional culture in alginate beads 
X. Xu, J.P.G. Urban, U.K. Tirlapur, Z. Cui 
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages (March 2010)
DOI: /j.joca
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
MPM image assay for cell volume and morphology at day 5 and 12 of culture under three different osmolarities, 280, 380 and 500mOsm. A: day 5; B: day 12 (initial cell density of 4 million chondrocytes/ml, 1.2% alginate, Green: live cells, red: dead cells).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Ratio of chondrocyte volume at day 5 and 12 of culture at 280 and 550mOsm to chondrocyte volume at 380mOsm. Interface: cells sitting in the area from the surface down to 150μm of alginate beads; deep: cells sitting in the area from 300μm to 450μm of alginate beads. Results are given as mean±standard deviation from independent experiments ≥3. Significant difference is expressed as *P<0.05.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
pHi of chondrocytes seeded in 1.2% alginate after 5 and 12 days of culture at different osmolarities, 280, 380 and 550mOsm. *P<0.05, significantly different from the value at 380mOsm. The number of independent experiments was ≥3. (initial cell seeding density of 4 million cells/ml, ml is equal to the volume of beads).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Ratio of cell number after 5 and 12 days of culture to the initial cell seeding density, 4 million chondrocytes/ml. *P<0.05, significantly different from the value at day 5 to the value at day 12 at 280, 380 and 550mOsm, respectively. The number of independent experiments was four. (initial cell seeding density of 4 million cells/ml, ml is equal to the volume of beads).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
GAG and hydroxyproline deposition over 12 days of culture. A. GAG retention based in the initial cell seeding density, 4 million chondrocytes/ml. B. GAG deposition nominated to the cell number after 5 and 12 days of culture in 3D alginate gel. C. Hydroxyproline accumulated in alginate gel. *P<0.05, significantly different from the value at 380mOsm at day 5 and day 12, respectively. The number of independent experiments was four. (initial cell seeding density of 4 million cells/ml, ml is equal to the volume of beads).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions