1. Volume 126, Issue 1, Pages 220-230 (January 2004)
Bax is required for resection-induced changes in apoptosis, proliferation, and members of the extrinsic cell death pathways 
Yuzhu Tang, Deborah A. Swartz-Basile, Elzbieta A. Swietlicki, Lu Yi, Deborah C. Rubin, Marc S. Levin 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 126, Issue 1, Pages (January 2004)
DOI: /j.gastro

2. Figure 1
Adaptive changes in the proximal ileum in Bax+/+ and Bax−/− mice 1 week following 50% partial small intestinal resection (RE) or sham-resection (SHR). Representative sections from the proximal ileum of Bax+/+ (A and B) and Bax−/− (C and D) mice demonstrating changes in villus height and crypt depth at 1 week following 50% small intestinal resection (RE) as compared with sham-resection (SHR). The intestine was fixed in Bouin’s and stained with H&E. (E) Villus heights, crypt depths, crypt apoptosis, crypt cell proliferation, and enterocyte migration rates were quantified as in the Materials and Methods section. Data are means ± SEM ∗P < 0.05 or ∗∗P < 0.01 RE vs. SHR. #P < 0.05 Bax+/+ RE vs. Bax−/− RE.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

3. Figure 2
Regional changes in small intestinal epithelial cell migration rates 1 week following 50% resection (RE) or sham-resection (SHR) in Bax+/+ and Bax−/− mice. Panels A to D: Representative hematoxylin and BrdU-stained sections used to measure migration rates in the proximal ileum from Bax+/+ SHR (A) and RE (B) and from Bax−/− SHR (C) and RE (D) mice injected with BrdU at 49.5 hours and 1.5 hours before death. Lower panels are percentage BrdU labeling at each cell position in jejunum (Jej) and proximal ileum (Pil) of RE (open circles) and SHR (solid circles) mice. The connected lines are moving averages over 3 cell positions.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

4. Figure 3
Postoperative changes in cell number and volume in proximal ileal crypt and villus columns from Bax−/− and +/+ mice. All of the cells on intact crypt and villus columns were counted (left panel). Cell width and height were measured and cell volumes estimated as described in the Materials and Methods section (right panel). Data are means + SEM, n = 3–4. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 for resected (RE) vs. sham-resected controls (SHR).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

5. Figure 4
Morphologic changes in Bax+/+ and Bax−/− mice 1 week after 50% partial small intestinal resection or sham resection. Data shown are means ± SEM. (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, resected [RE] vs. sham resected [SHR]; #P < 0.05 Bax+/+ RE vs. Bax−/− RE; n = 11–17 per group) Villus heights and crypt depths were significantly increased in most segments of the resected mice compared with the sham-resected mice. In addition, the villi of resected Bax−/− mice were significantly longer in the JEJ and PIL.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

6. Figure 5
Steady-state levels of Fas and TNF family member mRNA in proximal ileum. One-week postresection (RE) or sham-resection (SHR), Bax+/+ and Bax−/− mice were killed, and total RNA was isolated from full-thickness intestinal segments. RNA was analyzed using ribonuclease protection assays (see Materials and Methods section) to detect caspase 8 (Casp 8), Fas, Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), Fas-associated factor (FAF), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 (TNFR-R1), TNFR-associated death domain protein (TRADD), and receptor interacting protein (RIP). Signals from radiolabeled protected fragments were quantitated using a phosphorimager (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA) and normalized to the expression of the ribosomal L32 mRNA. Results presented are means ± SEM, ∗∗P < 0.01 RE vs. SHR, #P < 0.05 Bax+/+ RE vs. Bax−/− RE. In addition, the values for the Bax−/− data are presented as a percentage of +/+ data when the differences are significant or as NS when not significant.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

7. Figure 6
Immunoblot analysis of caspase 8 and Fas in proximal ileum of Bax+/+ and Bax−/− mice after partial small bowel resection. Protein extracts from pools of 2 or 3 mice per experimental group were electrophoresed, transferred, and used for immunodetection of caspase 8, Fas, and Hsp 40 (to control for protein loading) as described in the Materials and Methods section.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )

8. Figure 7
Proposed apoptosis pathways after resection. The panels illustrate the changes in expression of several components responsible for programmed cell death occurring after partial small bowel resection of Bax+/+ (left panel) and Bax−/− (right panel) mice. In the Bax+/+ resection induced apoptosis correlated with the increased expression of Fas-DISC components (Fas, FADD, and caspase-8). Activated caspase-8 can proteolyze downstream caspases and Bid. Truncated Bid translocates to the mitochondria and can interact with proapoptotic Bax and Bad leading to the release of cytochrome c (cytoC) and SmaC and the ultimate cleavage of caspase-9, which amplifies the apoptotic effect. In Bax−/− mice, the elimination of the proapoptotic Bax gene switches the balance of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family genes to prosurvival. In addition, decreased sensitivity to death receptor-induced apoptosis is suggested by the failure of Fas-DISC expression to increase and by decreased expression of caspases-3, 6, and 7. Key: genes increased, decreased, or unchanged by resection are colored green, red, or black, respectively. Genes colored gray were not studied.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )