1. METALLIC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

2. Prominent Features of Nonferrous Metals
Characteristic colour
Low melting temperature
Low hardness
High plasticity
Absence of polymorphic transformations

3. Classification of Nonferrous Metals
Light: Al, Mg, Be, [ Ti ]
Low-melting: Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi
Noble: Au, Ag, Pt, [ Cu ]
Refractory: W, V, Nb, Zr, Ti

4. Russian platinum coins of XIX century

5. Aluminium Alloys W – wrought alloys, C – cast alloys,
NS – alloys not strengthened by heat treatment,
S – alloys strengthened by heat treatment

6. The eutectic consists of two phases: E = α + CuAl2.
Phase Diagram Al – Cu
The eutectic consists of two phases: E = α + CuAl2.

7. Microstructure of Duralumin
Annealing Quenching Ageing
60 HB HB HB

8. Structural and Property Change in Duralumin in the process of Ageing
Type of Ageing
t, °C
Structural Change
Property Change
Natural and low-temperature artificial ageing ≤
Guinier-Preston zones (ZGP 1)
↑ σт; σт/σв≤0,7;
↑ δ, KCU, corrosion resistance
Long-term artificial ageing
Guinier-Preston zones (ZGP 2)
Artificial ageing
Phase θ
σт/σв до 0,95;
↓δ, KCU, corrosion resistance
Phase θ

9. Структура сплава на основе алюминия:
Microstructure of high-strength aluminium alloy:
strengthening by disperse particles
, where R is distance between particles  
Структура сплава на основе алюминия:

10. Aluminium is an air-craft alloy (unit strength of its alloys is more than 20)

11. Titanium Alloys Alloying elements form solid solutions (а) or eutectoid mixes (b) with titanium
a b

12. Phase diagram Ti – Al L L L

13. Microstructure of titanium alloy ВТ6 after quenching (titanium martensite)

14. Microstructure of titanium alloy ВТ15 after quenching and ageing

15. Native Copper

16. Copper is one of the most plastic metals
Copper is one of the most plastic metals. Slip lines on a polished copper surface

17. Rolled copper wire is the most important material for electrical industry

18. Phase Diagram Copper–ZincL

19. Strength and plasticity of brass depending on zinc content

20. Brass articles made by cold sheet metal stamping

21. Phase Diagram Copper–Tin

22. Bronzes properties depending on tin content

23. Microstructures of bronzes

24. Specific characteristics of metallic materials
Grade (Russian)
σT, MPa
σT/(ρ·g), km
E/(ρ·g)·10-3, km
Magnesium alloy
МА10
430 21
2,3
Aluminium alloy
В96
700 23
2,4
Titanium alloy
ВТ15
1500 30
2,6
Steel
03Н18К9М5Т
2000 27
Beryllium
680 37
16,1
Материал
Марка
σВ, МПа
σВ/(ρ·g), км
E/(ρ·g)·10-3, км
Сплав магния
МА10
430 21
2,3
Сплав алюминия
В96
700 23
2,4
Сплав титана
ВТ15
1500 30
2,6
Сталь
03Н18К9М5Т
2000 27
Бериллий
680 37
16,1