1. Overview Respiratory System
Dr.dr.Zaenal M. Sofro, AIFM, Sport & Circ. Med.
Bagian Ilmu Faal Fak.Kedokteran UGM

3. dr. Zaenal Muttaqien
The mechanism of muscle contraction
Block III, December 14, 2005 Week 4 International Programme 3

4. Respiratory Centers
Medullary Respiratory Center
Zaenal M. SOFRO_2007

6. The Difference between Inhaled and Exhaled Air
air into the lungs (%)‏
Exhale
air out of the lungs (%)‏
Oxygen %
Oxygen 16%
Nitrogen 79%
Nitrogen 79%
Carbon Dioxide 0.04%
Carbon Dioxide 4.0%
Water vapour 0.01%
Water vapour 1% 6

7. Structures and Functions of the Respiratory System
Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract
Surfactant
Blood supply
Chest wall
Lungs
Extend from clavicles (apex) to diaphragm (base)‏
Left lung- 2 lobes; right lung- 3 lobes & larger
Each lobe consists of segments (lobules)‏
Respiratory System- Defense Mechanisms
Filtration of air
Mucociliary clearance
Cough
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Alveolar macrophages
Blood Supply
Pulmonary circulation- provides lungs with blood for gas exchange via pulmonary artery. Oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
Bronchial circulation- bronchial arteries arise off thoracic aorta. Provides oxygen to bronchi and other pulmonary tissues. 7

8. Chronic Bronchitis Blue Bloater versus Pink Puffer8

9. Increased A-P Diameter Barrel-Chest9

11. 11

12. 12

13. Emphysema 13

14. Diffusion Body Tissue-Blood Capillary14

15. Physiologic Requirements to Perform Exercise

16. Circadian Status Automated Performance ___________
Performance Capacity
Performance
(%)‏ 40 20 60 80
100
Automated Performance 6 3 24 18 21 15 12 9
Local Time
Daily periodicity and readiness to perform (Graf)‏

17. World largest biceps
Mr. Synthol - "in honor" of the medication, huge doses of which he injects in his arms. , Gregg Valentino is 169 cm tall, and the volume of his biceps is 58 cm. It took the bodybuilder 23 years of training and liters of steroids to grow his monstrous muscles. In addition, Gregg lost his hair and earned liver cancer because of the medication.
Synthol is not a testosterone, and does not contain steroids. It is purely oils that puff up a muscle to make it look like it had been trained hard.

19. Pusat vagus bermielin dan yang tidak bermielin
di medulla oblongata. Sumber: Porges (2011)‏ 19

20. The Vagus Nerve in three parts, all working simultaneously:
The Polyvagal Theory
By Stephen Porges
The Vagus Nerve in three parts, all working simultaneously:
Ventral Vagal System:
Is part of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
(Social Engagement/frontal cortex)‏
Sympathetic Nervous System:
(Fight/Flight, Freeze - Limbic Brain)‏
Dorsal Vagal System:
(Freeze/Immobility/Brainstem)‏ 20

25. Carbohydrate and fat utilization during exercise80 20 40 60
100
Intense
Moderate
Exercise
Light 80 60 40 20
% Fat
Carbohydrate and fat utilization during exercise