1. The New Nation

2. Washington Takes the Lead
America was a “bold experiment”
First to be based on republican rule and individual rights
Issues to tackle:
Judicial Branch
Executive Branch

3. Washington Takes the Lead
Judicial Branch
How to work out the details
Judiciary Act of 1789:
est. the court system and made it possible to appeal a ruling to a federal court

4. Washington Takes the Lead
Executive Branch
Washington chose men to fill new executive departments, his “Cabinet”
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War: Henry Knox
Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

5. Washington Takes the Lead
Why do you think it is important for the president to have a cabinet?

6. How to Finance the Government??
Fight between Hamilton vs. Jefferson and Madison
Tariff Act 1789: placed a tax on certain imported goods
Agreed upon by Hamilton, Madison
and Jefferson

7. Financing the Government
Hamilton’s plan for the economy:
- Pay off foreign debt and buy state debt
Bank of the United States:
1. Held $ collected from taxe
2. Issued bank notes
3. Ensured state-chartered banks held sufficient reserves

8. Financing the Government
Hamilton v. Jefferson
Controversy over the Bank:
Strict interpretation reading the Constitution word for word
Loose interpretation reading between the lines
“Necessary and Proper Clause”

9. The 1st Bank of the United States
Hamilton wins out
1791, Congress creates the 1st National Bank
Bank would have a 20 year charter
Theory:
Hamilton struck a deal with Madison and Jefferson to appease the south
Move the capitol to land on the Potomac River in Maryland (Washington D.C.)

10. The Nation’s First Test
Whiskey Rebellion:
Excise tax on whiskey caused farmer uprising on the frontier
Hamilton and Washington believed it was an opportunity to show the strength of the national govt.
1st time US troops
are used against
American citizens

11. Foreign Affairs The French Revolution
Americans were divided on whether to support the Revolution
Washington declared neutrality: supporting neither side

12. Native Americans Resist
Battle of Fallen Timbers:
American settlers clashed w/ remaining British troops and Native American tribes west of the Appalachians
In 1794, American troops defeated the Miami tribe in Ohio
Treaty of Greenville ends the conflict

13. Let’s Review The New Nation Judiciary Act of 1789
Washington’s first cabinet
Financing the government
-Tariff Act of 1789
-1st Bank of the US
Whiskey Rebellion
French Revolution
Native American unrest

14. Trouble with England Tensions remained high due to three key issues:
British exports flooded U.S. markets, while Am. exports were blocked
British occupation of northern forts
Impressment of American
sailors & seizure of naval and
military supplies

15. Jay’s Treaty
John Jay (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) negotiates a treaty with Britain.
surrender of the northern forts
England granted the U.S. “most favored nation” status
Diplomatic failure

16. Foreign Affairs Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo
Spain gives up all land east of the Mississippi River
allow U.S. citizens & traders to use the river & its port
Diplomatic victory

17. Washington Leaves Office
In Washington’s farewell address he warns the country about several issues: 1. Sectionalism 2. Political parties 3. Becoming too attached to any foreign nation

18. Why did Washington decide it was time to leave office?
Please answer in complete sentences.
Name the individuals that assisted in drafting Washington’s farewell address.
Why did Washington decide it was time to leave office?
How important was “National Union” to Washington? How did he describe it?
Why was he fearful of sectionalism?
What “domestic” threat most concerned Washington? Why?
What did Washington believe to be the greatest threat to the young nation?
In your opinion, how would Washington view our current International issues?

19. Troubled Times for John Adams
Federalist John Adams is elected the
2nd President of the U.S. in 1796.
Trouble w/France
France begins seizing goods from
US ships headed to England.
Adams sends delegates to
negotiate peace
J. Marshall, C. Pinkney,
& E. Gerry

20. XYZ Affair
French foreign minister, Charles Talleyrand, sent three agents to meet with Americans
agents demanded a bribe of $250K and a loan of $12 million to be paid
Adams referred to the agents as X, Y, and Z
American citizens were outraged

21. Quasi-War with France Congress reacts: Suspended trade w/France
Increased the size of the Navy and the Army
Added the Secretary of the Navy as a Cabinet position
For three years, American ships waged
an undeclared or Quasi-War war with
France.
America and France signed a peace treaty at the Convention of 1800.

22. Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalist-controlled Congress passed a series of four acts aimed at protecting the country from aliens (foreigners living in the U.S)
Naturalization Act- increased the amount of time to become a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years.
Alien Act- Gave the president the power to deport any foreigner
Alien Enemies Act- Allowed the govt. to arrest & deport all aliens who were citizens of enemy nations
Sedition Act- crime to speak or write critically about the President, Congress, and any federal laws

23. Jefferson and Madison Respond
Madison & Jefferson saw this as an attack on the First Amendment
Their response:
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1. Alien and Sedition Acts violated
the Constitution
2. States’ had the right to nullify,
or cancel, a federal law within
that state
Brought the issue of states’ rights to the forefront