1. Intramyocardial Left Ventricle-to-Coronary Artery Stent: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease 
Geng-Hua Yi, MD, Eva Maria Becker, PhD, Nicholas C. Dang, MD, Kun-Lun He, MD, PhD, Patrick Cahalan, BS, Anguo Gu, MD, Myung Jae Lee, BS, Kenward Yue, BS, Daniel Burkhoff, MD, PhD, Jie Wang, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 80, Issue 2, Pages (August 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
The VSTENT myocardial implant is placed through the myocardium to establish a connection between the coronary artery and the left ventricle.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
A microconstrictor device occludes the left anterior descending coronary artery proximal to the VSTENT in stepwise fashion to induce upstream coronary artery stenosis.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Deployment of the VSTENT. (A, epicardial view) Proper seating of the VSTENT with its flared head at the bottom of the coronary artery. (B, left ventricular chamber view) VSTENT expanded by a balloon to form a channel between the left ventricle and the left anterior descending coronary artery.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Hemodynamic variables at baseline, after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation, and after VSTENT implantation. On deployment of the VSTENT, coronary blood flow (CBF), left ventricular pressure (LVP), and regional contractile function improved significantly. (EKG = electrocardiogram.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Left ventricular pressure (LVP)–segment length loops at baseline, after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation, and after VSTENT placement. After VSTENT placement, the loops and end-systolic point underwent a marked leftward shift and there was an increase in regional stroke work performed.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Changes in VSTENT flow patterns and regional myocardial function according to graded left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis. After stepwise occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (30%, 55%, 75%, 90%, 98%) by the microconstrictor device, the gradient of peak and minimal (backward) coronary blood flow was increased. The characteristic VSTENT flow pattern was triggered once the critical stenosis point was reached. Regional myocardial function was partially restored with VSTENT. = control; ■ = VSTENT. (EDSL = end-diastolic segment length; LADF = left anterior descending coronary artery flow; PSLA = pressure-segment length loop area.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions