1. 5 kingdoms, nomenclature and dichotomous keys

2. Starter Recap Give definitions for these key words Taxonomy
The study of the principles behind classification
Classification
The process of organising of living organisms into groups.
Natural classification – grouping according to how closely organisms are related and reflects evolutionary relationships
Phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

3. Learning Objectives Success criteria
Define characteristics of the organisms in the 5 kingdoms
Understand organisms nomenclature
Using keys
Success criteria
Outline the characteristic features of the following five kingdoms: Prokaryotae , Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Outline the binomial system of nomenclature and the use of scientific (Latin) names for species
Use a dichotomous key to identify a group of at least six plants, animals or microorganisms

4. PROKARYOTES
5 kingdoms
Outline the key features of the 5 kingdoms, give some examples
(Use the PDF in the folder as template)

5. Prokaryotes (Monera) Bacteria Single celled (<5mm)
No membrane bound organelles e.g. nucleus, mitochondria

6. Fungi Eukaryote Mycelium and hyphae
Saprophytic (they cause they decay of organic matter
Chitin (polysaccharide) cell walls

7. Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophs (makes it’s own food)
Cellulose cell walls

8. Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular
Heterotrophs - get energy originally from plants

9. Protoctista Eukaryotic Single or multicellular Wide range of organisms
Plant and animal like features
Autotrophic and heterotrophic

10. Past Paper Question

11. Answers

12. Binomial System Originally started by Carl Linneaus Means ‘two names’
Unique (Latin) name e.g. Homo sapiens
Genus and a species name
Genus always starts with a capital letter
Can be abbreviated to H. sapiens
If printed the text should be in italics of handwritten the text is underlined

13. Binomial System: Why was it needed?
Different common name around the country
Different common name in different countries
Translation of language or dialects may give different names
Same common name may mean a different species in a different part of the world

14. Dichotomous keys
In biology, a practical method used to identify species.
The key is written so that identification is done in steps.
At each step, features of the organism are used to identify which one of two routes through the rest of the key is appropriate to the organism being identified.

15. Dichotomous keys Design Principles:
Each question divides the group of organisms into two smaller groups based on a pair of alternative characteristics
Subsequent groups may focus on more minor detail
In most cases the characteristic will be readily observed or measurable
It is better to choose characteristics that are uninfluenced by environmental variation
Shape and number are often good characteristics on which to base alternative pairings
A complete key will have each type of organism being classified separated with a final identifying name.

16. Dichotomous keys
Practices keys using PDF files in folder

17. Plenary
Jan 2013 question 1