1. (A) Weight loss curves following intranasal infection of different mouse groups with COBRA, seasonal, or pandemic influenza viruses.
(A) Weight loss curves following intranasal infection of different mouse groups with COBRA, seasonal, or pandemic influenza viruses. Mice were infected at day 0 with COBRA P1 (n = 25), X3 (n = 20), X6 (n = 20), seasonal (Chile/83 [n = 10]; Sing/86 [n = 5]; NC/99 [n = 10]; Brisb/07 [n = 10]), or pandemic (CA/09 [n = 20]) influenza viruses and monitored for weight loss for 14 d. For the control (mock) group (n = 5), 50 μl PBS were i.n. administered. Results are expressed as absolute mean values plus SEM. (B) Viral lung titers in infected mice. BALB/c mice (n = 3 per group per time point) infected on day 0 with 105 PFU of COBRA (P1, X3, and X6), seasonal (Chile/83 and Brisb/07), or pandemic (CA/09) influenza viruses had lungs collected on day 2 and day 3 postinfection. Viral lung titers are listed as PFU per gram of lung tissue and as absolute mean values plus SEM obtained by combining data from two independent experiments. Dotted line represents the limit of detection corresponding to 100 PFU/g. (C) Representative plaque assay wells (original magnification ×1) of MDCK cells infected using samples from day 2 lung homogenates from COBRA–, seasonal–, or pandemic influenza viruses–infected mice and stained with Crystal Violet as described in the Materials and Methods. (D) Area measurement of plaques obtained from plaque assay of COBRA (P1, X3, and X6) and seasonal (Chile/83 and Brisb/07) or pandemic (CA/09) influenza viruses. Showed absolute mean values plus SEM represent the average area obtained from 10 plaques for each virus at day 2 postinfection. ***p < 0.001, **0.001 ≤ p < 0.05.
Giuseppe A. Sautto et al. ImmunoHorizons 2018;2:
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