1. Volume 84, Issue 6, Pages 1067-1069 (December 2013)
TGF-β-induced signaling circuit loops mediated by microRNAs as new therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis? 
Mitsuo Kato 
Kidney International 
Volume 84, Issue 6, Pages (December 2013)
DOI: /ki
Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
TGF-β-induced signaling circuit loop mediated by miR-433. Kidney injury induces TGF-β, which activates TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR). Smad3 phosphorylated by TGF-βR enters into the nucleus and activates the miR-433 promoter region. Primary miR-433 (pri-miR-433) is processed by Drosha to precursor miR-433 (pre-miR-433), and processed pre-miR-433 is exported to the cytoplasm by exportin 5. Pre-miR-433 is further processed by Dicer to mature miR-433, which targets the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of Azin1 mRNA. Decrease of Azin1 by miR-433 results in increase of antizyme, decrease of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and polyamine depletion, which causes activation of TGF-β signaling. This series of signaling creates a positive-feedback loop, amplifying the TGF-β signaling in kidney cells and possibly inducing chronic diseases such as renal fibrosis. RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; UTR, untranslated region.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions