1. Us westward expansion

2. American expansion Native American Indians Most likely from Mongolia
Similar appearance
Nomadic hunting
14,000 years ago (12,000 B.C.)
Walked across the Bering Isthmus from Asia in search of food
Native Indian Place Names –(locations named by original settlers and still in use)
Appalachians, Mississippi, Alaska, Arizona, Texas, Nebraska, Dakota

3. SPANISH Early 1500 Spain claimed lands from Florida to California
Expanded from Middle America and moved northward into southern U.S.
Spanish Place Names locations:
Florida, California, San Antonio, Santa Fe, San Francisco, Los Angeles

4. In the 1600’s the British came across the Atlantic and settled in the northeast
Prince Edward Island, Canada
Virginia, New York (states)
Richmond, Charleston (cities)
British

5. France
Fur coats and hats were very popular in the early 1500’s. French men and some families came in search of Beaver pelts.
Because of the Beaver, they settled along bodies of fresh water
St. Lawrence River (Canada), the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi River
Locations named by the French
Quebec and Montreal (Canada)
Detroit and New Orleans (Cities named by French)

7. Africa 1619 slavery entered the southern U.S.
Triangle Trade –Slaves came from Africa to the Americas, crops went to Europe, and hardware, crews and financing went from Europe then back to Africa
Underground Railroad – in the late 1700’s anti-slavery whites helped smuggle slaves to slavery free territories

8. TRIANGLE TRADE

9. UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Slaves were transported into the Caribbean, Mexico, Canada, and slave free northern states.

10. Other European groups 1700’s Germany was very unsafe 1800’s Irish
By 1745 there were 45,000 Germans living in Pennsylvania
Not Pennsylvania Dutch but Pennsylvania Deutch
1800’s Irish
religious persecution (Catholic)
potato famine
Unskilled labor
1890 – 1930 Italian
Overpopulation in Italy
Vast poverty
Disaster caused by tsunami
Mt. Etna erupted causing earthquakes
Melting Pot (assimilation) vs. Salad Bowl (acculturation)

11. Westward expansion Obstacles to expansion
1. FALL LINE – point of a river where the river goes from deep, wide, and calm to shallow and rough. The fall line starts were the soft rock of the Atlantic coastal plain meets the hard rock of the Piedmont.
a. Piedmont – dense rock and rolling hills at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains
b. Navigable river – River that is deep and wide enough for ship to sail
See page 150 in your textbooks

12. Obstacles to expansion - continue
2. Appalachian Mountains – there were no trains or roads. People were exposed to the weather and could get killed by a winter storm. 3. Mississippi Rivers - there were no bridges or boats 4. “Savage Indians” – Most people could not tell a peaceful Indian Tribe from a more violent tribe. Many colonist were simply too afraid to move.

13. INDIAN NATIONS

14. Obstacles to expansion - continue
5. Great Plains - Often called “the Great American Desert” - sparse river 6. The Rocky Mountain Range a. High elevation and Rugged terrain - Hire guides to find a “pass” b. Winter Blizzards are quick, cold, and deadly Donner Party – cannibalism c. AKA the Great Divide or Continental Divide - separates the eastward and westward flowing rivers 7. Death Valley to Sierra Nevada Mountain Range

15. Look at U.S. profile map on page 141 in textbook

16. Reasons for expansion 1. Manifest Destiny
It was a common belief that it was a divine plan that the United State should span from coast to coast
2. Annexation (taking a region without war) & conquest (taking a region through war)
3. The government sold land cheap and often gave it away if people would settle in the west
+ Sooners
4. Fertile Farm land in Great Plains Region

17. Reasons for expansion continue
5. Louisiana Purchase
Largest acquisition of land (1/3 of the contiguous nation)
Purchased from France, signed by Napoleon Bonaparte

18. Reasons for expansion 6. Gold Rush – Ways to get to California
a. Walk/Wagon Trail – cheapest way to travel
- there was power in numbers
- took a minimum 4-6 months (often more)
b. Sail through the Caribbean to Panama walk across and get another ship on the Pacific side of Panama months
c. Sail all the way around South America
- 3-5 months
d. Late 1800’s railroad (1-2 weeks)

19. Routes to California Gold Rush 1949
Old Oregon Trail
Through Panama
Around Cape Horn
Routes to California Gold Rush 1949