1. Forefront Researches of Computational Material Science
Tissue Engineering
Self-Assembly
Monday, 10/28/2002

2. Nano-indentation
Snapshots illustrating the surface region during indentation. The small spheres on the diamond tip are hydrogen atoms. a) Initial configuration. (b) Indentation of 1.2 nm.

3. Computational Solid Mechanics
Stress, strain, constitutive model
Defects, dislocation
Fracture
Surface roughness
Biomedical
Engineering
Information
Technology
Nanotechnology
Bio/IT/Nano
Bio/IT/Nano
FEM, MPM
MD, MC

4. Tissue Engineering
Design and grow human tissues outside the body for later implantation to repair or replace diseased tissues.

5. Biological Hierarchy Atoms  Macromolecule  Organelle  Cell
 Tissue  Organ

6. Simulation at Molecular Level
The ability to measure, model, & manipulate at the molecular level is essential for understanding & designing biological systems.

7. Bone Tissue Engineering

8. Scaffold Guided Tissue Regeneration

9. Diffusion of Seed Cells
Scaffolds are typically prefabricated, then seeded with cells by placing the scaffolds in liquid milieus of cells that diffuse into and attach to the scaffolds.

10. Vessel Grow
While a vascular supply can grow into an implanted scaffold from surrounding vascularized tissue (figure to the left), this angiogenesis process takes time; cells in the interior may die before angiogenesis occurs.

11. Heterogeneous System
Scaffold-based tissue engineering methodologies could benefit from a manufacturing process which could
fabricate scaffolds that not only have controlled distributions of cells, but also spatial gradients of cells.
For example, the vision of building up complete systems of seeded scaffolds, like a functioning arm with interconnected muscle, tendon, cartilage, nerve, skin, and vasculature, have been put forward.

12. Microstructure of Different Strength
It may be desirable to have a scaffold design where one portion of the scaffold incorporates a material or microstructure optimized for strength, while another portion has another material composition or microstructure optimized for initial tissue in-growth.

13. Self-Assembly Process
Process in which supermolucular hierarchical organization is established in a complex system of interlocking components.

14. Self Assembly Monolayer
The substrate, Au on Si, is immersed into an ethanol solution of the desired thiol(s). Initial adsorption is fast (seconds); then an organization phase follows which should be allowed to continue for >15 h for best results.
A molecule which is essentially an alkane chain, typically with10-20 methylene units, is given a head group with a strong preferential adsorption to the substrate used.

15. Self-Assembly
Self-assembled monolayer

16. Simulations of SAM

17. Molecular Self-Assembly (MSA)
Biological organisms are composed of molecular building blocks, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids, and are equipped to assemble these components into extremely well-organized structures—themselves.

18. Bacteria-Phage
Its structure makes sense only in the light of the specific purpose of encountering its prey and injecting the contents of its polygonal head inside.

19. Langmuir-Blodgett Films
Langmuir-Blodgett films are built up by a process of successive
deposition of individual monolayers which self-assemble on a water surface.

20. Self-Assembly Material
A defining feature of these kinds of materials is self-assembly of building blocks in a parallel fashion into a desired structure or hierarchical construction rather than serial construction one unit at a time.
The further development of the science and implementation of the technology is expected to lead to advances in electronics, photonics, composites, biomaterials, drug delivery, separation science and catalysis, to name but a few.