1. The Growth of Cities (24.4) & Working Conditions (24.5)
8th Grade US History

2. Do Now Activity
What do you notice about this image? What do you think this photograph says about urbanization and working conditions in cities?

3. Vocabulary Column 1 Column 2 Unions Knights of Labor Strikes
Haymarket Square
The American Federation of Labor
Homestead Strike
Henry Clay Frick
Rose Schneiderman
Garment Workers Union
The Uprising of 20,000
Urbanization
Tenements
Immigrants
Typhoid
Cholera
Skyscrapers
Shirtwaist
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

4. Urban Tenements
Industrialization spurred urbanization. New industries located in cities.
Cities swelled with workers and demand for housing was high.
Tenements were built to house poor immigrants.
By 1900, two-thirds of housing in cities were tenements.
“Great, prison-like structures of brick with narrow doors and windows, cramped passages and steep, rickety stairs.”

5. Urban Tenements 2 Tenement neighborhoods were densely populated
Poor families lived in just one or two cramped rooms
Tenements were full of newly arrived immigrants
Unclean and dangerous living conditions, little light and fresh air
Diseases were common- typhoid and cholera spread

6. Cities Expand Upward Cities expanded and land costs exploded
Builders constructed more building
space on smaller plots of land
Structures constructed upward to maximize space
Lightweight steel supported skyscrapers
Skyscrapers housed businesses
and factories
Steel buildings thought to be fireproof

7. Working Conditions & Working Families
So many looking for work, factory owners did not have to pay a decent wage- only $1-$3 a day
No pay during training. If a worker complained, they could be replaced easily
Millions of children worked in mines, mills, and factories
Children would get crooked spines from bending over machines or in mines all day

8. Inside Factories
Mills and factories were hot in the winter and cold in the summer
Fire claimed many lives- tall buildings rarely had fire escapes
The New York City fire chief wanted buildings to have fire escapes and sprinkler systems, but factory owners did not want to pay for extra saftey measures
The fire department ordered that all outwardly open doors not be locked for easy escape

9. Reader’s Marks C V ? P ! Word New Words Wondering Questions
Making connections: Text to Text, Text to Self, Text to World V
Visualizing: Make a movie in Your mind ?
Wondering Questions P
Making Predictions: I think….. Because….. !
Surprised by, or learned something new
Word
New Words