1. Summarise the Lorenz study
starter
Summarise the Lorenz study
Name of researcher and year
Participants
Procedure
Results
What does this mean

2. Why do researchers use animals in experiments?
Why don’t they use humans?

3. What is difference here?
If this was a study, what do you think the aim of the study is?
To investigate whether food or comfort was more important in forming a bond

4. Research would have suggested infants form attachments with caregivers which provide food
However, Harlow suggested infants have an innate need to touch and cling to something for emotional support

5. Harlow 1959
8 monkeys were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and placed in cages with access to two surrogate mothers
One made of wire
One covered in soft cloth

6. conditions 4 monkeys per condition: Milk from the wire mother
Milk from the cloth mother

7. What do you think happened?
Both groups spent more time with the cloth mother – even if she had no milk
The infant would only go to the wire mother when hungry
Once fed, it would return to the cloth mother

8. If frightened…
The monkeys would take refuge with the cloth mother
The monkeys would explore more when the cloth mother was present

9. On whiteboards, write what you think the conclusion of this study is
What does this mean?
On whiteboards, write what you think the conclusion of this study is
Hint: look at the aim

10. Harlow concluded
Rhesus monkeys have an innate, unlearned need for comfort
This suggests attachment concerns emotional security more than food

11. Summarise this study in five bullet points
Activity
Summarise this study in five bullet points
Who?
Participants?
Procedure?
Results?
What this means?

12. In groups identify two strengths of this study

13. Strengths of harlow’s 1958 study
The findings have provided an insight into attachment
Attachment was previously thought to be related to food, rather than emotional care

14. Strengths of harlow’s 1958 study
Real life application?
Emphasises the importance of emotional care in hospitals, childrens homes and day care

15. In groups identify two weaknesses of this study

16. Does the study have internal validity?
It can be applied to other Rhesus monkeys
However, it lacks external validity
Why is this?
Can the results of the study can be generalized to other situations and to other people?

17. What does poor external validity mean in terms of generalisability
What does poor external validity mean in terms of generalisability? You cannot assume what occurs for one species will apply to others

18. Cruel? Unethical? Monkeys suffered emotional harm being reared in isolation – this goes against ethical guidelines Female monkeys suffered when they became parents. These monkeys became so neurotic they harmed their own offspring

19. Select one strength or one weakness previously outlined
Create a ‘PEEL’ evaluation
Point Explain Example Link

20. What does BPS say about using animals?
Does anyone know??
Any scientific procedure involving a protected animal that may have the effect of causing pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm is regulated under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.
This includes causing death, disease, injury, physiological or psychological stress, significant discomfort, or any disturbance to normal health, whether immediately or in the long term.

21. Think of the BPS How can we overcome using animals in studies?
Minimising the number of animals used in an experiment through
Appropriate pilot studies
Reliable measures of behaviour
Good experimental design
The appropriate use of statistical tests

22. Looking at the handouts you have been provided, outline the differences between the ethical guidelines using humans and using animals

23. prep
Read over both handouts, highlight the key information on both studies and complete any questions
Due: Thursday 9th February will be checked in lesson