1. Human Anatomy & P Chapter 3 Cells.
Ms. Cox

2. What is a Cell? The fundamental unit of life. Two main types of cells:
Prokaryotes-are single celled organisms, DNA is not membrane bound.
Eukaryotes- are many celled organisms, DNA is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

3. Prokaryote Cell

4. Eukaryote Cell

5. Parts of a Cell and Their Function
Plasma Membrane: a selective membrane that forms a boundary around the cell.
Cytoplasm: a semi-fluid substance in which the organelles are suspended. (kinda like photos they show of the astronauts in space.)
Nucleus: contains the chromosomes surrounded by the nucleoplasm.

6. Parts of a Cell and Their Function
Mitochondria - break down food and release energy to the cell
Lysosomes - are chemicals used to digest waste
Vacuoles - are storage areas for the cell

7. Parts of a Cell and Their Function
Nuclear Membrane - separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum - moves materials around in the cell
Ribosomes - make protein for the cell
Golgi Bodies - are used for packaging and secreting of energy

8. Stack of Pancakes? Golgi Bodies

9. Spider web and layered rock? Endoplasmic Reticulum

10. Pimples, no? Ribosomes

11. Kidney Bean? No Choloraplast

12. Shoe, no? Mitochondria

13. Parts of a Cell and Their Function
Some organelles are found only in Plant cells.   These organelles are:
Cell Wall - provides structure to the plant cell
Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll that is make food for the plant cell

16. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods?
Diffusion: the movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentrations. It requires no energy.
Osmosis: the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane. Moving into or out of a cell.
Filtration: the movement of protein free plasma across capillary walls due to a pressure gradient.

17. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods?
Active transport: occurs when carrier proteins transport molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. ATP or energy is required for this.
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell inputs material by enveloping it.

18. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods?
Pinocytosis: is the uptake of fluid droplets.
Phagocytosis: the uptake of solid particles.
Exocytosis: the process of a cell expelling large amounts of materials.

19. What structure allows those movement processes?
Cytoskeleton: is a flexible cellular framework that supports organelles and allows for cellular movement. Composed of Microtubules.

20. Microtubules
Microtubules are conveyer belts inside the cells. They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. In the middle of these there are two centrioles that are involved in cell division and formation of the cytoskeleton.

21. Flagella- longer and occur in smaller numbers

22. Cilia-usually short and numerous

23. So that’s a cell, So what does a ton of cells put together create?

24. Cells combine to make
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems

25. Tissues 7 main types Epithelia tissue Connective tissue Adipose tissue
Cartilage and Bone Tissue
Blood
Muscle tissue
Nervous Tissue

26. Epithelia tissue
Covers or lines structures, and is bounded by a basement membrane.
Picture is a swab of a check.

27. Connective tissue
Support and bind other tissues. The cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix with numerous fibers.
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE Tissue to the right.

28. Adipose tissue
Characterized by cells swollen with lipids. (lipids are fats)

29. Cartilage and Bone Tissue
Characterized by a relatively solid matrix.
osteoblasts

30. Blood Blood Characterized by a fluid matrix. White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell

31. Muscle tissue Three types: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Smooth Cardiac

32. Nervous Tissue Cerebral tissue
Composed of neurons, conducting nervous impulses, and glial cells, which supports the neurons.
Cerebral tissue

33. Organs
Functional units composed of different types of tissues. Examples Eyespots and Reproductive organs.
An eyespot may be a specialized part of a cell as in protozoans, a single photoreceptor cell, or a small cluster of receptors with few or no accessory optical and neural structures.

34. Female Reproductive Organs

35. Organ Systems Groups of organs with a particular function.
Example Circulatory System.