1. PERCEPTION!

3. Perception
The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

4. Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

6. Gestalt Psychology
We perceive whole objects, not isolated bits or pieces.

7. Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs
Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs! cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm.
Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

8. Figure- Ground relationship
organization of the visual field into object (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Analyzing separate information allows us to re-act to each individual object accordingly
Camouflage – when figures blend into the background

9. Camouflage

10. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

11. Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Psychologists focus on how we normally perceive images as groups, not isolated elements
Several factors influence how we will group objects:
-Proximity -Similarity
-Continuity -Closure

12. proximity- group nearby figures together

14. similarity- Objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group

16. continuity
The tendency to Perceive
continuous patterns

18. closure-
The tendency to overlook incompleteness, and complete objects so that they fit into our mental preconceptions of what objects are supposed to look like

21. Constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image
There are three types of constancy cues:
Size Constancy
Shape Constancy
Brightness Constancy

22. Size Constancy
Objects closer to us will produce bigger images on our retinas, and as they move away they project a smaller image. The actual size of the object does not change

23. Shape Constancy
Objects viewed from different angles will produce different shapes on our retina. Though we may change our position, the shape doesn’t change.

24. Brightness/Color Constancy
We perceive objects as having a constant color, despite lighting, shading, etc.
A brick wall is still red, whether bright sunlight is on it, or darkness has made it look gray.

25. We perceive the white as a constant whiteness, regardless of the shadow, when in reality, it is the same gray as the gray squares...trust me.

26. Depth Perception
Depth Cues allow us to perceive the world in three dimensions.
Monocular Cues depth cues that do not depend on having two eyes working in conjunction together
Binocular Cues depth cues that depend on having two eyes working in conjunction with each other

27. Monocular Cues Relative Size Texture Gradient Interposition
Relative Clarity/Shadowing
Linear Perspective
Relative motion/motion parallax

28. relative size
smaller image is more distant

30. texture gradient coarse --> close fine --> distant
(Look at the floor beneath you, and then across the room)

33. Interposition/ Overlap
A closer object blocks a more distant object

35. relative clarity/shadowing
hazy object seen as more distant
Lighted objects seem closer
Darker objects seem further away

36. Relative Clarity

37. Shadowing
Notice the “perception” of depth changes when shading is reversed

38. linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance

39. Vanishing Point – where two parallel lines connect in the distance

41. relative motion/ Motion Parallax
closer objects seem to move faster
(riding in a car, trees along the road vs. houses in the distance)

42. Artists use these all the time to give their work a true feeling of depth
Trompe l'oeil

56. Depth cues that require the use of both eyes
Binocular Cues
Depth cues that require the use of both eyes

57. Retinal Disparity
Different images are produced by the separation of the retinas in the left and right eye
Is most effective when the item is quite close to the person

58. Retinal Disparity
Hold a pencil in front of you, close one eye, then close the other eye- you get two different images

59. Binocular Depth Cues: Finger Sausage

60. Convergence
Related to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes look inward to focus on close objects
The more tension in the eye muscle, the closer the object is

62. Motion Eye muscle activity Changing retinal image
Contrast of the moving object and its stationary background
All combine to bring us the perception of motion

63. Motion
Stroboscopic Motion- timed flashing lights or moving pictures that give the illusion of movement

65. Factors That Influence Perception
Perceptual Set
The tendency to perceive a person or a situation in a particular way due to our past experiences with similar persons or situations

66. Perpetual Set - UFO

67. Perceptual Illusions
When our normal, automatic perception processes guide us to the wrong conclusions

68. Muller- Lyer Illusion
Which area is longer?

69. How about these ?

70. Which monster and line segment is larger?

72. Subliminal Perception
Thresholds imply that there must be stimulus below and beyond our current levels of detection. Can human behavior be influenced by stimulus that is below or beyond our level of awareness?

73. Extrasensory Perception
Some people claim to have extra powers of perception, or the ability to respond to an unknown event that is not presented to any of the known senses.
Parapsychology