1. The fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!!
DNA
The fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!!

2. DNA

3. Fun DNA Facts!
DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder!
DNA stands for: D: Deoxyribose N: Nucleic A: Acid
Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!

5. DNA is made up of steps and rails of a ladder.
This is a rail
This is a step
Green can only go with Red
Purple can only go with Yellow

6. You can tell people apart by their fingerprints…
Because everyone’s fingerprints are different!

7. DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different!
How does the police look at DNA to figure out who committed a crime?

8. STEP # 1
The DNA gets cut up by special scissors!!!

9. The scissors can only cut the same colour!

10. All of the cut up pieces of DNA are different sizes.
STEP # 2
All of the cut up pieces of DNA are different sizes.

11. STEP # 3
A special machine sorts the DNA by size. (Little pieces are fast, so they move faster to the bottom.)
BIG
TOP
LITTLE
BOTTOM

12. We are ALL a little bit different!
Miss Ellis’ DNA
BIG
LITTLE
Sara’s DNA

13. Soooo…. How do we tell people apart just by their DNA anyways???

14. Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so it makes a different pattern when it’s all cut up.
Miss Ellis’ DNA
Sara’s DNA

15. This is what it really looks like!!!
Miss Ellis
Sara
                                                  
                                              
This is what it really looks like!!!

16. Can you guess which one is Sara and which one is Miss Ellis?
Is the red box around Miss Ellis’ DNA or around Sara’s DNA?

17. DNA
Structure

18. DNA Structure
DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix.
A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of:
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base

19. Nucleotides
Phosphate
Nitrogenous
Base
Pentose
Sugar

20. Nucleotides
The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”.
There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

21. Nucleotides A
Adenine T
Thymine C
Cytosine G
Guanine

22. Nucleotides Each base will only bond with one other specific base.
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Form a base pair.
Form a base pair.

23. DNA Structure
Because of this complementary base pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

24. A C T G G A T C

25. DNA Structure
To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases.
The bases are arranged in triplets called codons.
A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G
T C C - G A G - T T C - A G G - A T C

26. DNA Structure A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.
Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases.
This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein.
An organism's genotype is the set of genes that it carries.
An organism's phenotype is all of its observable characteristics — which are influenced both by its genotype and by the environmentIt is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype.

27. DNA
Gene
Protein
Trait

28. Your Task
Draw a flow chart to show how to get from:

29. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com
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30. Instructions Materials Onion Salt Dishwashing liquid Meat tenderizer
Rubbing alcohol
Label your cups “CONTROL” and “SOAP AND ENZYMES”
Add onion juice to both cups
Add dishwashing soap to cup marked “soap and enzymes”
Add ½ teaspoon of meat tenderizer to cup marked “soap and enzymes”
Stir gently, wait 10 minutes
SLOWLY pour alcohol into each cup and DO NOT stir!

31. Extract your own DNA

32. Instructions Materials Two pieces of licorice 6 toothpicks
12 different coloured marshmallows (4 different colours)
The licorice is the DNA “backbone” (or the sides of the ladder)
The marshmallows connect the two sides of the ladder with a toothpick (think of the marshmallows as the two parts of velcro)
Remember only certain colours can “stick” together in DNA
Red goes with Orange
Yellow goes with Green