1. Chapter 19 Review A
Bonding

2. Bonding Occurs to make a stable valence (outer) electron shell
Stable number:
All atoms except noble gases will usually bond
Two types of bond:
Ionic
Covalent
Type of bond depends on type of element
Get out your periodic table!

3. Group 16: 6 valence e-
Group 1: 1 valence e-
Group 15: 5 valence e-
Group 14: 4 valence e-
Group 17: 7 valence e-
Group 2: 2 valence e-
Group 13: 3 valence e-
Transition Elements
Noble Gases

4. Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons creates a charged particle
Metals lose e-
Become
Nonmetals gain e-
Usually bonding between metals and groups 16-17
Polyatomic ions:
Special group of covalently bonded atoms with a charge
Examples:

5. Group 16: -2
Group 1: +1
Group 15: -3
Group 14: usually share
Group 17: -1
Group 2: +2
Group 13: +3
Transition Elements
Noble Gases

6. .H .H H. H. Covalent Bonds Sharing e-, no charges Nonmetals
H also bonds covalently
Single bond
One pair of e- shared
Double bond
2 pairs of e- shared
Triple bond
3 pairs of e- shared H. .H H. .H

7. Polar versus Nonpolar
When atoms share electrons unequally, the bond is polar
Occurs when atoms are in groups that are not close together
One atom becomes slightly negative and one becomes slightly positive
Example:

8. Formula Formula represents: If Ionic, charges are shown
Elements in compound
Number of atoms of each element or number of ions
If Ionic, charges are shown
If Covalent, there are no charges!
Example: