1. INTRODUCTION OF GEOMATIC

2. The term Geomatics is an acronym formed by “Geo” that means the Earth, while the term “matics” refers to the information.
It defined as the science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface, or establishing such points. (Ghilani and Wolf,2008)

3. Geomatics engineering is a modern discipline, which integrates acquisition, modelling, analysis, and management of spatially referenced data, i.e. data identified according to their locations.
It uses terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite- based sensors to acquire spatial and other data. It normally transforms the spatially referenced data from different sources into common information systems.
Geomatics is a new term that formerly known as surveying.

5. To prepare a topographical map.
To prepare an engineering map
To prepare a military map
To prepare a contour map
To prepare a geological map
To prepare an archeological map.
To prepare a cadastral map

6. Plane surveying Geodetic surveying
The curvature of earth is not taken into consideration. Thus it is treats as a flat plane.
The instrument is always leveled according to the center of the earth (gravity level/plumb bob).
Only appropriate for smaller areas. (less than 250 km2)
Geodetic surveying
The curvature of the earth is taken into consideration.
Used for the area exceeding the 250 km2
Used mostly for national mapping programs/national boundaries.
Very precise surveys of great magnitude.

7. Preliminary survey Layout survey Control survey Data gathering
Geospatial data – distances, position and angles
Locate physical position- water boundaries, trees, roads, structure, property marker
Determination of difference in elevation (vertical distance)
Layout survey
Marking on the ground – wood stakes, iron bars, concrete monuments, nails, spikes, etc…
Property lines, engineering works (roads, pipelines, bridges) and construction surveying
Control survey
Use as reference both preliminary and layout survey.
Horizontal and Vertical control (benchmarks)

8. The basic principle of surveying is to be able to work out the position of a point from some other point or points, positioning from the known features to the unknown ones.

9. Topographic surveys
Preliminary survey-natural & manmade surface features of an area.
Hydrographic surveys
Preliminary survey-underwater features to surface control points (shorelines, marine features, water depth)
Route surveys
Preliminary, layout and control survey for narrow-long strip of land (highway, railroads, electric transmission lines, channel)

10. Property surveys
Preliminary, layout and control survey involve in determine boundary location/laying out new property boundary
Construction surveys
Layout survey for engineering works
Final (as-built) surveys
Similar to preliminary survey
Provide final record of constructed features has proceed according to design plan
Aerial surveys
Preliminary and final survey using aerial photography and imagery. Use of digital camera, lidar, radar

11. Commonly used in field surveying are:
Total Station
Level & Rod
Theodolite
Steel Tape

14. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Navigation and identify the coordinate of certain location.
Remote Sensing Technique
Using satellite image
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Computer technology used GIS for data analysis, storage and updating the database.

16. Geographic reference
Earth reference system – denoted by geographic lines of latitude and longitude
Latitude - run east/west (parallel to equator)
Longitude – run north/south converging at the pole
Use in navigation and geodesy
Grid reference
Grid system for a states/province
Ease of calculation (plane geometry) and availability datum for large area (thousand miles)
Legal reference
Township subdivide by section and ranges (lot) that unique numbered
Vertical reference
Can be reference to any datum. Datum most used are Mean Sea Level (MSL).
MSL is assigned an elevation of 0 ft or 0 meter.