1. Properties of Electric Charge
Chapter 16
Section 1 Electric Charge
Properties of Electric Charge
There are two kinds of electric charge.
like charges repel
unlike charges attract
Electric charge is conserved.
Positively charged particles are called protons.
Uncharged particles are called neutrons.
Negatively charged particles are called electrons.

2. Chapter 16 Electric Charge Section 1 Electric Charge
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Visual Concept

3. Properties of Electric Charge, continued
Chapter 16
Section 1 Electric Charge
Properties of Electric Charge, continued
Electric charge is quantized. That is, when an object is charged, its charge is always a multiple of a fundamental unit of charge.
Charge is measured in coulombs (C).
The fundamental unit of charge, e, is the magnitude of the charge of a single electron or proton.
e = x 10–19 C

4. Transfer of Electric Charge
Chapter 16
Section 1 Electric Charge
Transfer of Electric Charge
An electrical conductor is a material in which charges can move freely.
An electrical insulator is a material in which charges cannot move freely.

5. Transfer of Electric Charge, continued
Chapter 16
Section 1 Electric Charge
Transfer of Electric Charge, continued
Insulators and conductors can be charged by contact.
Conductors can be charged by induction.
Induction is a process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object and grounding the conductor.

6. Chapter 16 Charging by Induction Visual Concepts
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Visual Concept

7. Transfer of Electric Charge, continued
Chapter 16
Section 1 Electric Charge
Transfer of Electric Charge, continued
A surface charge can be induced on insulators by polarization.
With polarization, the charges within individual molecules are realigned such that the molecule has a slight charge separation.

8. Chapter 16
Section 2 Electric Force
Coulomb’s Law
Two charges near one another exert a force on one another called the electric force.
Coulomb’s law states that the electric force is propor-tional to the magnitude of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

9. Coulomb’s Law, continued
Chapter 16
Section 2 Electric Force
Coulomb’s Law, continued
The Coulomb force is a field force.
A field force is a force that is exerted by one object on another even though there is no physical contact between the two objects.

10. Electric Field Strength
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Electric Field Strength
An electric field is a region where an electric force on a test charge can be detected.
The SI units of the electric field, E, are newtons per coulomb (N/C).
The direction of the electric field vector, E, is in the direction of the electric force that would be exerted on a small positive test charge.

11. Electric Fields and Test Charges
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Electric Fields and Test Charges
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Visual Concept

12. Electric Field Strength, continued
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Electric Field Strength, continued
Electric field strength depends on charge and distance. An electric field exists in the region around a charged object.
Electric Field Strength Due to a Point Charge

13. Calculating Net Electric Field
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Calculating Net Electric Field
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Visual Concept

14. Chapter 16 Electric Field Lines
Section 3 The Electric Field
Electric Field Lines
The number of electric field lines is proportional to the electric field strength.
Electric field lines are tangent to the electric field vector at any point.

15. Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines
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Visual Concept

16. Rules for Sketching Fields Created by Several Charges
Chapter 16
Section 3 The Electric Field
Rules for Sketching Fields Created by Several Charges
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Visual Concept