1. Academic Debate and Critical Thinking
Dr. Senik Tahir Mahmood

2. Critical Thinking

3. Critical Thinking (CT)
It’s a type of learning that promotes active learning in your academic/educational process, career and everyday life.
Two types of learning:
Passive learning vs.
Active learning (CT)

4. Socratic method Ancient Greece It is a reflective reasoning
Beliefs and actions
Continuous or lengthy series of questions and answers withier a claim is true always
which refutes a moral assertion by sometimes true, partly true, or false.
Leading an opponent to draw a conclusion
probing questions were used to determine whether claims to knowledge based on authority could be rationally justified with clarity and logical consistency.

5. Sumner, W. G. (1940)
“[Critical thinking is] the examination and test of propositions of any kind which are offered for acceptance, in order to find out whether they correspond to reality or not. The critical faculty is a product of education and training. It is a mental habit and power. It is a prime condition of human welfare that men and women should be trained in it. It is our only guarantee against delusion, deception, superstition, and misapprehension of ourselves and our earthly circumstances.”

6. OR “Critical thinking is that mode of thinking—about any
subject, content, or problem—in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use.” (p.1)
Therefore, “Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances.” (p.1)
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7. Therefore
"purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based"[5]
"includes a commitment to using reason in the formulation of our beliefs"[6]

8. Skills
observation, interpretation, analysis, inference, context skills evaluation, explanation
CT employs logic, clarity, credibility, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, significance, and fairness.

9. OR
Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness. It entails the examination of those structures or elements of thought implicit in all reasoning: purpose, problem, or question-at- issue; assumptions; concepts; empirical grounding; reasoning leading to conclusions; implications and consequences; objections from alternative viewpoints; and frame of reference. (National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987)

10. Critical Thinking Subjected to Of Apply Guiding Information Gathering:
observation,
experience,
reflection,
reasoning, or
communication
Examination Process:
conceptualizing,
applying,
analyzing,
synthesizing, and/or
evaluating information
Structure and Elements to be examined:
purpose, problem, or question-at- issue;
assumptions;
concepts;
empirical grounding;
reasoning leading to conclusions;
implications and consequences;
objections from alternative viewpoints;
and frame of reference
Subjected to Of
Apply
Universal intellectual values and standards:
clarity,
accuracy,
precision,
consistency,
relevance,
sound evidence,
good reasons,
depth, breadth, and
fairness
Guiding
belief and action
Individual Trait and traits required :
Active learning
Skillful
Self directing
Self discipline
Self monitoring
Self correcting

11. OR
CT is a self directed process through which we take conscientious steps or helping us to think at the highest levels of quality
There are two states of thinking:
Green thinking
Red thinking

12. 1. Green Thinking
A mix of Low quality level and high quality level of thinking
An unconsciously guided thinking that is instinctive , automatic and spontaneous
Spontaneous, Subconscious, Uncontrolled, Impulsive, Self protecting, Unanalyzed, Reflexive , Self validating
No separation between high quality and low quality thoughts (valid and non valid thoughts)
Thought are affected by confusion, stereotypes, prejudices and non assessing itself

13. 2. Red Thinking
Red Thinking stops and assesses itself before going forward.
Disciplined, Seeks the truth, Self assessing, Critical Thinking, Self correcting, Probing
In red thinking mode, we actively work to eliminate prejudices, biases, dysfunctional thinking from our thinking. We actively work on our thinking.
We rigorously apply intellectual standards to our thinking.
Educated mind

14. Our Education Before Sustentative learning
Read, write, hear, say, apply
CT is more to recognize the way you do everything you do

15. Purpose Trying to be well informed Staying focused
Willing to evaluate alternatives
Taking a supportable position
Seeking precision
Proceeding in a logical and orderly manner
Being sensitive to others’ positions

16. Exercise 1
TED ED video

17. Midterm Evaluation: Academic Presentations
Content:
Tile slide including the topic title and the presenter’s name
Background information (1-2 slides)
Claim, theory, argument or hypothesis (1 slide)
Pros or positive aspects supported by literature (1 slide)
Cons or negatives aspects supported by literature (1 slide)
Durations:
Total time for the proposals 5-10 mins.
Each slide may take 1-2 mins.
Students will be graded for:
The adaptation of the content information
Flow of the presentation and language
Reference style must be based on Harvard referencing style as in the following format:

18. Harvard Referencing Style
Book: Last name, First initial. and Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s). Journal Article: Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s). Newspaper article: Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, Page(s). Newspaper Articles Found on a Database or a Website Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, [online] pages. Available at: url [Accessed Day Mo. Year].