1. Long-Term Depression of mGluR1 Signaling
Yunju Jin, Sang Jeong Kim, Jun Kim, Paul F. Worley, David J. Linden 
Neuron 
Volume 55, Issue 2, Pages (July 2007)
DOI: /j.neuron
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Climbing Fiber Bursts Produce a Persistent Depression of Parallel Fiber-Evoked mGluR1-Mediated Ca Transients
(A) Purkinje cells were loaded with the Ca indicator (Oregon Green BAPTA-1, 200 μM), and dendritic Ca measurements were made using the line-scan mode of a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Representative single current and Ca indicator traces show responses to parallel fiber bursts (ten stimuli at 100 Hz) delivered in the presence of a maximal dose of picrotoxin (100 μM). Biphasic Ca responses with slow and fast peaks are evoked by this stimulation (expressed as dF/F). The control group shows responses without conditioning climbing fiber stimulation (n = 4). Other groups show responses before (Pre), 1 min, and 30 min after conditioning climbing fiber bursts (each burst consisting of six stimuli at 10 Hz, bursts repeated ten times with a 1.2 s interburst interval, middle panel, n = 7; 50 bursts, bottom panel, n = 8).
(B) Representative Ca and membrane potential traces evoked by conditioning climbing fiber bursts are shown.
(C) The ratio of the slow to the fast peak amplitude of the Ca response was calculated as an index of the mGluR1-mediated Ca transient. The time course graph plots this ratio, averaged and normalized. The dotted line indicates the mean ratio in the presence of CPCCOEt (n = 7), in which the slow peak was obliterated and only the tail of the fast peak remains. Error bars indicate the SEM.
(D) Exemplar biphasic Ca responses evoked by parallel fibers bursts before (black trace) and after (red trace) application of the mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt (100 μM).
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2 LTD of the mGluR1-Mediated Slow EPSC in Purkinje Cells
(A) Representative current traces show fast and slow components of the parallel fiber EPSC that were produced by bursts (ten stimuli at 100 Hz) delivered in the presence of a submaximal dose of NBQX (5 μM) and a maximal dose of picrotoxin (100 μM). The conditioning depolarization consisted of a 5 s long command to 0 mV at the soma. Current amplitudes were measured at the peak of the EPSC. Paired-pulse ratios are fast EPSC2/fast EPSC1. (Right) Bar graphs show population measures at t = 20 min after depolarization.
(B) Population time courses of the percent changes in peak slow EPSC amplitudes induced by conditioning depolarization of different durations (1, 2, and 5 s) applied to Purkinje cells at the time indicated by the arrow. ∗∗p < 0.01 compared to pre by paired t test.
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Induction of LTD(mGluR1) Does Not Trigger Persistent Alteration of Dendritic Basal Free-Ca Concentration
(A) Representative current traces show fast and slow components of the parallel fiber EPSC that were produced by bursts (ten stimuli at 100 Hz) delivered in the presence of a submaximal dose of NBQX (5 μM) and a maximal dose of picrotoxin (100 μM). The conditioning depolarization consisted of a 5 s long command to 0 mV at the soma. The dendritic Ca transient evoked by the conditioning depolarization is shown between the current traces. It returns to baseline levels within ∼40 s. In fact, if anything, the high affinity of the Ca indicator used here, Oregon Green BAPTA-1, may be slowing the apparent return kinetics.
(B) Population data for the manipulations shown in panel (A) (n = 7 for all measures).
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
LTD(mGluR1) Is Not Associated with Attenuation of IP3-Mediated Signaling
(A) Purkinje cells were loaded with both caged IP3 (NPE-IP3; 300 μM) and Ca indicator (Oregon Green BAPTA-1, 200 μM). Representative current and Ca traces are shown before (Pre), 1 min, and 30 min after a 5 s long conditioning depolarization. Parallel fiber burst test pulses produced fast and slow EPSCs and accompanying Ca transients. Photolysis of caged IP3 with a UV laser spot was delivered to Purkinje cells 10 s after each PF burst test pulse. Pseudocolor images of the Purkinje cell dendrite illustrate the localized increase in Ca-dependent fluorescence (dF/F) evoked by IP3 uncaging (scale bar, 10 μm). A projected z stack image illustrates detailed dendritic morphology of the region of interest.
(B) (Left panel) Population time courses of the LTD(mGluR1) experiment showing fast and slow EPSC, PF burst-evoked Ca, and UV-IP3 uncaging-evoked Ca measures. (Right panel) Population measures at t = 30 min (n = 8).
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
LTD(mGluR1), Measured Using Test Pulses of an Exogenous mGluR1 Agonist
(A) Fast and slow currents were triggered by micropressure pulses (10 psi., 50 ms duration) of external solution containing DHPG (100 μM) and glutamate (40–100 μM) delivered through a patch pipette. Representative current traces show before (Pre), 1 min, and 20 min after a 5 s long conditioning depolarization. The hollow square indicates the fast current peak and the filled square, the slow current peak. (Right) Population measures (n = 6).
(B) In the presence of the TrpC1 blocker SKF (10 μM), strong parallel fiber burst stimulation gives rise to a Ca transient, but no detectable inward current. Following a 5 s long conditioning depolarization to induce LTD(mGluR1), the Ca transient is persistently abolished. (Right) Population measures (n = 7).
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
LTD(mGluR1) Produces a Selective Attenuation of mGluR1-Evoked Ca Transients
(A) Simultaneous confocal Ca imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp recording were performed on Purkinje cells loaded with Oregon Green BAPTA-1 (200 μM). Fast and slow currents and associated changes in intradendritic calcium concentrations were triggered by micropressure pulses (10 psi, 50 ms duration) of DHPG (100 μM) together with glutamate (50 μM). Representative traces are shown before (Pre) and 1 min after a 5 s long conditioning depolarization. A brief depolarization (100 ms) followed the DHPG/glutamate pulse as a control to query the status of voltage-sensitive Ca channels.
(B) Weak parallel fiber burst stimulation (6 μA, 50 Hz, ten pulses) was used to trigger Ca mobilization without a discernable slow EPSC. Representative traces show before (Pre) and 1 min after a 5 s long conditioning depolarization.
(C) Population data for the manipulations shown in panels (A) and (B) (n = 6 for all measures).
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7 LTD(mGluR1) Is Prevented in Ca-Free ACSF
(A) Slices were bathed in a modified ACSF with no added Ca and 0.2 mM EGTA. (Left) Fast and slow currents were induced by micropressure pulses (10 psi, 20 ms duration) of DHPG (100 μM) together with glutamate (50 μM). Representative traces are shown before (Pre) and 90 s after a 5 s long conditioning depolarization. (Right) Averaged, normalized time courses of the changes in fast and slow current amplitudes evoked by conditioning depolarization (n = 14).
(B) (Left) Representative current traces show fast and slow components of the parallel fiber EPSC that were produced by bursts (ten stimuli at 100 Hz) delivered in the presence of NBQX (5 μM) and picrotoxin (100 μM). Bath application of Ca-free ACSF totally abolished the mGluR-evoked slow EPSC. In this configuration, a 5 s long depolarization to 0 mV failed to induce LTD(mGluR1), as measured following the return of Ca-containing ACSF. (Right) Averaged, normalized time courses of the percent changes in peak fast and slow EPSC amplitudes are shown. Application period of Ca-free ACSF is indicated by the horizontal bar.
Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

9. Figure 8
LTD(mGluR1) Blocks Subsequent Induction of AMPA Receptor LTD at Parallel Fiber-Purkinje Cell Synapses
Representative current traces show EPSCs evoked by parallel fiber test stimulation using paired pulses (100 ms interval). The black traces were recorded 15 s before and the red traces 30 min after pairing stimulation designed to evoke AMPA receptor LTD. In one group pairing stimulation followed only test pulses (LTD Control) while in another, it followed 10 min after induction of LTD(mGluR1) by a 5 s long depolarization [LTD After LTD(mGluR1)]. The bottom panel shows population time course data for peak first EPSC amplitudes for the LTD Control group (filled circles, n = 9) and the LTD After LTD(mGluR1) groups (open circles, n = 8), expressed as mean ± SEM. In both groups, the pairing stimulus was given about 20 min after achieving the whole-cell configuration. Error bars indicate the SEM.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /j.neuron )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions