1. TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
Chapter 6
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

2. Introduction
Situation where new technology that is very strong or has never been explored by any business.
Technological development can be seen in 4 different perspectives / categories:
Assist in information processing
For internet explosion
For personal use
For wireless revolution

3. Assist in information processing For personal use
Smart card
Intelligent home appliances
Electronic cash
Changes in telecommunication technologies & network access
Smart phones
GPS
3D images
ASR
Virtual Reality
Biometrics
Assist in information processing
For personal use
For wireless revolution
For internet explosion
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

4. Assisting job & information
3 Dimensional Image (3D)
A technology presentation of information that gives the illusion that the viewed object is actually in the room
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)
Technology that can identify / understand what you have spoken & differentiate between a word & a sentence.
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Virtual Reality (VR)
3 dimensional computer simulation in which you can actively & physically participate.
Biometrics
The use of physical characteristics – such as fingerprint, iris of the eye, sound of voice & face recognition

5. 3 Dimensional Image
A technology presentation of information that gives the illusion that the viewed object is actually in the room.
In pseudo three dimensions, the shape & shadow of the object are displayed in real time.
With 3D technology, you can view the image in different position & shadow as well as see & feel object virtually.

6. Automatic speech recognition (ASR)
Technology that can identify / understand what you have spoken & differentiate between a word & sentence.
It implements 3 steps to differentiate between word & sentence :
Feature analysis
Pattern classification
Language processing

7. Automatic speech recognition (ASR)
4 types of ASR:
Discrete system – by using discrete ASR system, you must stop(pause) between each word that was pronounced.
Continuous system – processing the continuous word such as regular speech.
Speaker-Independent system – can be used by anybody but the vocabulary found in this system is limited & forbids you to insert new word by typing
Speaker-Dependant system – assist you to train the speaker independent system to recognize your voice.

8. The future of ASR
It is still a developing technology & still need to fulfill these needs:
Bigger storage for vocabulary
Better analysis to support the continuous speech
More dynamic language model to support understanding on speech
Classification of pattern that is more flexible to support many persons.

9. Virtual Reality (VR)
A 3D computer simulation in which you can actively & physically participate. It incorporates 3D technology to give you the illusion.
Enables you to experience the roller coaster, car racing, flight simulation etc

10. Characteristics of VR
Using 3D technology to give you the illusion or the true life environment
Designing a true life atmosphere by simulation
Input devices monitor your physical movement & the output devices send the feedback to you.

11. Input / output devices of VR
Electronic glove – records the movement of hand, finger, strength
Headset – combination of input & output, record movement of your head, & shows the screen
Electronic walker – record the movement of your leg / change in direction.

12. Biometrics
The use of physical characteristics such as fingerprint, the iris of the eye, sound of the voice & face recognition.
The concept : replacing the use of password with these special characteristics of a human being, the security will be more efficient because a copy cant be made.

13. Based on internet explosion
Changes in internet causes 2 following changes:
Electronic cash
Advancement in communication technology & access to the internet.

14. Electronic cash (e-cash)
Is an electronic transaction, which represents cash.
Cash represented electronically is a file that indicates how many unit money that you can own in a form of electronic.
You can buy products / services through network by sending the e-cash file to the seller.

15. Electronic cash (e-cash)
Problems that need to be handled to enable e-cash to be completely used:
Anyone can become electronic bank
There is no special standard about ecash
Retailer must have a account with electronic bank.

16. Advancement in telecommunication technology & access to internet.
Change of telecommunication technology using access through network will occur if there is the flow of information between sender & receiver.
Technology changes that assists the information flow are;
Internet telephone
Cable ready computer
Cable modems
Network pc
Multi purpose home computer

17. Advancement in telecommunication technology & access to internet.
Internet telephone
Technology equipment that enables you to make a telephone call through network.
Cable ready computer
Developed technologies where your computer can be directly connected to a TV cable to enable you to watch TV programme on your monitor.
Cable modem
Development of technologies that enable you to access to internet when watching the TV

18. Advancement in telecommunication technology & access to internet.
Network PC
Personal computer that can only be used to access the network or Internet.
Multi purpose home computer
Can perform multiple function such as accessing the internet, watch TV and cable programme & make phone calls.

19. Wireless technological development
A communication media that connects the person & technology virtually without using physical cable.
Usage of wireless technology divided into 2:
Wireless technology to link humans
Wireless technology to link technology

20. Wireless technological development
Wireless technology to link between humans are:
Smart phone – handphones which functions to receive & send , fax & access internet
Global Positioning System - collection of 24 satellites that orbits the earth, which sends signal & enable to determine where you are.

21. Wireless technological development
Wireless technology to link between technologies are:
Wireless LAN – network that connects components or the wireless computer in limited distance.

22. Advancement of technology in personal life
Some of the technologies under this category are:
Smart card – plastic card that contains the memory chip where the total money can be recorded.
Intelligent home appliances – an electronic equipment that is equipped with information technology system to control the functions of each equipment & able to decide on its own.