1. Warm-Up Do not turn in pH practice!
What is the pH of a solution that is made from 43.7 g of HClO4 in 4.70 L of solution?

2. Neutralization

3. Neutralization Reactions
Acid (aq) + Base (aq)  Salt (aq) + H2O (l)
Water is always formed
Salt is an ionic compound formed from the other parts of the acid and base

4. Titration
Titration is a lab technique used to determine the concentration of an acid or base
Equivalence point is when the number of moles of H+ ions equals the number of moles of OH- ions in solution
End point is when the indicator changes colors

5. Titration Curves
Equivalence point is equal to 7 for strong acid + strong base.

6. Titration Curves
Equivalence point is less than 7 for strong acid + weak base
Equivalence point is greater than 7 for weak acid + strong base

7. Steps for Titration
A measured volume of an analyte (usually acid) solution of unknown concentration is placed in an Erlenmeyer flask
A few drops of indicator are added to the flask
A measured volume of a titrant (usually base) of known concentration is placed in a buret and slowly added to the acid until the indicator changes color
analyte= substance that is being identified or measured

8. Calculating Neutralization
This is a 3-step process. Volumes must be converted to liters!
Calculate the moles of titrant added to the Erlenmeyer flask (moles = M x V)
Use mole ratios from the balanced equation to calculate the moles of analyte.
Calculate the concentration of the analyte using the molarity equation.

9. Practice Titrant = HCl Analyte = NaOH
Solutions of sodium hydroxide are used to unclog drains. A 43.0 mL volume of NaOH was titrated with 32.0 mL of M HCl. What is the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution?
Mtitrant =
moltitrant =
Vtitrant =
Manalyte =
molanalyte =
Vanalyte =

10. Practice Titrant = Analyte =
A volume of 25.0 mL of M HBr neutralizes mL of a NaOH solution. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution?
Mtitrant =
moltitrant =
Vtitrant =
Manalyte =
molanalyte =
Vanalyte =

11. Warm-up
Find the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution if 23 mL are needed to neutralize mL of 1.5 M sulfuric acid.

12. pH Indicators
Methyl Red
Bromothymol Blue
Phenolphthalein

13. Warm-up
If 45.0 mL of 2.50 M NaOH is needed to neutralize 36.0 mL of a HCl solution, what is the molarity of the acid?