1. PROTISTS

2. Characteristics Most are unicellular Some form colonies
(multicellular)

3. Cells are eukaryotic
Draw the following diagram

4. Reproduce
“mainly” by
binary fission

5. Like moist surroundings

6. The protist kingdom is very diverse and consists of 3 main groups:
Plant-like protists
Animal-like protists
Fungi-like protists

7. Plant – Like Protists Contain chlorophyll Can photosynthesize
Take in CO2 and give
off O2
Are also able to engulf
solid food

8. Plant-Like Protists Example: Euglena Has eye spot Has flagellum
used to locate
nutrients
Has flagellum

9. Plant-Like Protists Example: Algae Red, green and brown algae
Contain chlorophyll
Red and brown algae are called seaweed
Supplies 80% of the world’s oxygen

10. Algae Reproduction Can reproduce 3 different ways
Fragmentation – asexual, the organism simply breaks apart
Binary Fission – asexual
Conjugation – sexual
There are many variations in reproduction, depending upon the organism itself

11. Algae: How do we use it?
Fertilizer
In gels
Cosmetics
Ice cream
Paint

12. Animal-Like Protists a.k.a. Protozoans Unicellular
Heterotrophs (rely on other organisms for food)
Must move to obtain food
Engulfs food or absorbs directly through their cell membranes
Reproduce by binary fission

13. Protozoans are classified according to their type of locomotion
Ciliophora – use cilia (tiny hairs)
Sarcodina – use pseudopods
Mastigophora – use flagella
Sporozoa – parasitic, depend on host fluids for movement

14. Ciliophora a.k.a. Ciliates Live in both fresh and salt water
Example: Paramecium
Food enters the mouth
pore and exits from the
anal pore

15. Sarcodina Example: Amoeba Moves by extending and retracting its
pseudopods
Cytoplasm has 2 layers: ectoplasm and endoplasm
The fluid movement of endoplasm causes the amoeba to constantly change shape

16. Sarcodina Feeds by phagocytosis Food gets enclosed in food vacuole
Pseudopods flow around the food
Engulfs
Food gets enclosed in food vacuole
Water comes in by phagocytosis or by diffusion through the membrane

17. Mastigophora Ex: Chilomonas Flagella is made of protein microtubules
One of the chief sources of food for the amoeba

18. Sporozoa Example: Plasmodium vivax Malaria parasite
Transferred by mosquitoes and humans
Can be treated with drugs
Multiply asexually in animals by forming spores and can develop into other sporozoa without fertilization

19. Example: Giardia lamblia
a.k.a Beaver fever
Causes stomach upset and diarrhea
Flagellated sporozoa

20. Fungi-Like Protists Slime moulds
Prefer cool, shady, moist environments
Become amoeba-like or grow flagella
OR can produce spores
Start as unicellular, but
eventually combine with
others and become
multicellular
Useful as decomposers

22. Protists are VERY important
Protists provide marine animals with food and supply the oceans and land with oxygen
Phytoplankton (autotrophic-do
photosynthesis) are at the bottom of the marine food chain
Zooplankton (hetertrophic- don’t
do photosynthesis) eat phytoplankton.
Both are food to filter-feeding whales

23. Some protists Trichomonas hominis live in humans’ intestines, feeds on undigested materials, harmless
Other protists live in termites’ digestive tract and digest the wood they eat.
They couldn’t do this without them!