1. Chapter 9: The Seventh, Eighth, and Tenth Commandments
OUR MORAL LIFE IN CHRIST

2. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
ANTICIPATORY SET – Prayer and discussion Opening Prayer on three excerpts from Genesis. Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.” (Gn 1:26) And God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food.” (Gn 1:29) So out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name. The man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. (Gn 2:19-20) Discuss: What implications can you draw about man’s role in regard to creation?

3. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What is the principle of subsidiarity? ❏ What is the relationship between man and creation? ❏ What is stewardship? ❏ Is there a right to private property? ❏ What is the universal destination of goods? KEY IDEAS ❏ The principle of subsidiarity states that the function of the lower levels of state and society should not be usurped by higher levels except when necessary. ❏ Man is part of creation, but God has given him dominion over the rest of creation for his benefit. ❏ God made every person both a beneficiary of creation and steward. ❏ Every person has the right to private property to safeguard his or her own rights and freedoms and to support his or her family. ❏ The principle of the universal destination of goods establishes that the goods of the earth are destined for everyone’s benefit.

4. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
GUIDED EXERCISE Read the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (cf. Lk 16:19–31) and discuss what lessons it teaches. Brainstorm to create a list of the principles that can be drawn from the parables of the Rich Man and Lazarus and the Sheep and the Goats, and the incident of the poor widow at the treasury.

5. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ Why does human labor have priority over capital or material resources?

6. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ Why does the Church, a religious institution, make judgments in social, political, and economic matters? They relate to fundamental human rights and ultimately to the salvation of souls. ❏ What is the most basic principle of Catholic social teaching? Economic and political systems must serve the common good. ❏ What must be the basis of social progress? Sound moral principles must be the basis.

7. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
❏ Who has priority over the state? Both the human person and the family have priority. The state exists to serve the people, not the people to serve the state. Extension: Here we can hear an echo of what Christ said about the Sabbath existing for man, not man for the Sabbath. ❏ Is capitalism in harmony with Catholic social teachings? The Church affirms the principle of private property and encourages individual and private business initiatives. However, in decisions concerning the distribution of goods, justice and the dignity of the person have priority over pure capitalist competition.

8. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
GUIDED EXERCISE
During the Cultural Revolution in communist China, young persons memorized Mao’s Little Red Book, which claimed, in part, that individuals were only cogs in the socialist machine.
Discuss the implications of this idea.
How did this idea violate the proper relationship between the individual and the state?

9. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What duties does society have in regard to the vocations of its individual members? Society must permit each of its members to fulfill his or her vocation, including allowing each to exercise the natural freedoms that make this possible, such as the right to act according to conscience, to have privacy, and to enjoy freedom of religion. ❏ What is a just wage? Breadwinners should receive wages sufficient to support a family. ❏ What is the right of individuals in regard to forming associations? Human beings have a fundamental right to form and act through their own private associations, including labor unions, unhindered by the state.

10. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
❏ What is subsidiarity?
The principle that higher levels of government or society should not usurp the authority of lower and more local levels except when absolutely necessary.
Extension: Higher levels of government or society “should support [the lower and more local levels] in case of need and help to co- ordinate its activity with the activities of the rest of society, always with a view to the common good” (CCC 1883).
❏ What is an example of subsidiarity?
Parents establish schools to educate their children according to their values.

11. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ Why does every person have the right to the goods of the earth? Every person has the right to life, nourishment, shelter, and other goods. ❏ Why does the Church uphold the right to private property? The right to property is a way of protecting the freedom and dignity of persons and of providing for the needs of each person. ❏ How does the Church reconcile the two fundamental rights to private property and to a fair distribution of goods? Private property is subordinate to the universal destination of goods because God created goods for the use of all people.

12. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
❏ What will keep the right to property from conflicting with the common good?
A fair distribution of the goods of creation prevents this.
❏ What is eminent domain?
It is the principle that the civil authority can claim private property for a legitimate and overriding public concern as long as the property owner is fairly compensated.

13. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / write / share on the following question: ❏ If a person were lost in the wilderness, cold, very hungry, and discovered a remote cabin, would he have the right to break in for food and shelter? Support your answer. A think / pair / share on the following question: What is demonstrated by the fact some humans form animal rights groups, claiming it is wrong to eat animals, use their products, make them work for us, or use them for experiments, but no animals ever form human rights groups?

14. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph explaining how the right to property is one of the best ways in which everyone can share in the goods of the earth.

15. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 1–15 (p. 264) ❏ Practical Exercises 1–2 (p. 266) ❏ Workbook Questions 1–7 ❏ Read “Seeking the Common Good” through “Ecology” (pp. 242–248)

16. 1. Stewardship of Creation (pp. 236–241)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
A class discussion on the extent to which the principle of subsidiarity is observed by the government of this nation.
To what extent do local, state, and federal governments let people take their own initiatives and solve their own problems, only getting involved when the common good demands it?

17. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
ANTICIPATORY SET Read the passage under the “Social Doctrine of the Church” (p. 243) from Deus Caritas Est, 28. Discuss: ❏ What is the role of the Magisterium of the Church in the creation of a just social order? ❏ Who is responsible for creating a just social order?

18. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What is the relationship between private property, the common good, and the universal destination of goods? ❏ What is the role of the laity in relation to the social doctrine of the Church? ❏ What is solidarity? ❏ What principles guide a Catholic understanding of the environment? KEY IDEAS ❏ The ownership of private property will not conflict with the common good as long as there is a fair distribution of goods. ❏ Christian discipleship cannot be satisfied merely with practicing an individual morality; rather, the role of the laity in social justice is to create a society based on a fair distribution of goods and solicitous concern for every individual. ❏ Solidarity is the duty of cooperating in the achievement and harmonization of all of the rights of the individual and the demands that are derived from the sociability of man. It represents the joint effort to achieve the good of the individual and of society. ❏ Resources are at the service of humanity. People should make use of, but not abuse, them.

19. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Discussion
How can teens can contribute to social justice through their own work, both in school and in the marketplace?

20. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the relationship of man to the earth according to the Book of Genesis? Man is superior to the earth, plants, and animals, which are for man’s use. ❏ What is the nature of man’s dominion over creation, according to the biblical meaning of steward? Man is a steward of creation, i.e., man manages creation, but does not own it, and is accountable for its use.

21. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
❏ Why does the Church use the term “stewardship” to describe man’s role in the world?
God did not give us an absolute power over creation but instead has entrusted us with the world to be used responsibly and justly.
❏ What rights and obligations does stewardship call for us to balance?
Stewardship calls for a careful balance between the right to own property and the obligation to distribute one’s possessions and wealth for the common good.

22. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the social doctrine of the Church? It is the moral teaching of the Church with regard to the dignity of the person, his or her basic rights, and the requirements of the common good. ❏ When did the social doctrine of the Church arise as a separate discipline? It arose when serious social problems related to poor working conditions sprang up with the start of the industrial age. ❏ How do lay Catholics best fulfill their obligations of justice and love? First, they contribute to the common good according to their means and the needs of others. Second, they foster public and private organizations devoted to bettering the conditions of life.

23. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Discuss the role of volunteerism in promoting a more just social order.
Specifically, what kinds of activities are adults and teens involved in or could be involved in to serve those who are in need?
A think / pair / write / share on the following statement based on the paragraph beginning, “Christian discipleship cannot be satisfied...” (p. 244):
❏ A Christian cannot be a lone, private person concerned only with his or her own moral life.

24. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Discuss the first paragraph of “International Solidarity” beginning “At a time of dramatic global changes...” (p. 245) using the following question:
❏ Do you agree that Catholics living in the United States today have a special responsibility to be internationally minded?

25. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ Why is the political doctrine of isolationism contrary to the Catholic Faith? Concern for the common good does not stop at international borders. ❏ What is the obligation of richer nations toward poorer ones? They should show solidarity in their international relations and thereby contribute to the material welfare of poorer nations.

26. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
❏ What are the three kinds of aid that richer nations can provide according to CCC 2440?
They can provide (1) direct aid in extraordinary situations, (2) development that will provide a lasting solution to poverty, and (3) reform of international economic and financial institutions.
❏ How might the duty of richer nations toward poorer ones come under the headings of solidarity, charity, and justice?
This duty could come under solidarity because of the universal destination of goods. Richer nations have an abundance of goods and so have the obligation of sharing them. It could come under charity because giving to the poor is an act of love. It could come under justice if the richer nations have become rich at the expense of poorer ones.

27. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Discussion
What immigration issues does our country face and what actions, if any, should the government or individuals take in light of Catholic principles of social justice?

28. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ How does globalization potentially subject poorer nations to exploitation? Multinational corporations may use the resources and labor of poorer nations without attention to stewardship and human rights. That is, they may exploit both the people and their natural resources. ❏ What are three examples of “perverse mechanisms” that impede the development of less advanced nations? (1) Abusive, if not usurious, financial systems; (2) iniquitous commercial relations; and (3) the arms race. Extension: Usurious financial systems refers to the giving of loans to poorer nations for development projects at interest rates that debtor nations cannot repay. Iniquitous commercial relations refer to systems of bribery, the payment of unfair wages, or unjust or coercive economic agreements. The arms race refers to the spending of resources on armaments that would be better spent on development. This money usually goes to more developed nations who sell the weapons.

29. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
❏ What is ecology?
It is the science of studying and protecting the habitat in which human life is nourished, protected, and developed.
❏ What is the connection between ecology and the Seventh Commandment?
The universal destination of goods means the earth is for all people in every generation. Therefore, the goods of the earth cannot be exploited by one person or group at the expense of another or one generation at the expense of another.

30. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the problem with some forms of environmentalism? The environment should be respected because it is for all people. The natural world, minerals, plants, and animals are resources at the service of humanity, which we may use but not abuse. Some environmentalists, however, deny that nature is intended primarily for man’s use. ❏ What is the overarching premise of international solidarity? No, people should suffer in squalor while others live quite comfortably. ❏ What is the virtue of solidarity? It is the firm and persevering determination to commit oneself to the common good.

31. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Work with a partner to list the rights and duties of nations and immigrants toward each other.
Do an Internet search using a term such as “animal rights.”
Locate statements that agree with Catholic principles of ecology and those that have false premises.

32. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph explaining the complementary roles of the Magisterium and the laity in building a more just social order.

33. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 16–22 (p. 264) ❏ Practical Exercise 3 (p. 266) ❏ Workbook Questions 8–19 ❏ Read “Theft” through “Restitution” (pp. 248–250)

34. 2. The Faithful and the Common Good (pp. 242–248)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Imagine you are a cobbler (maker of shoes). List one way in which each of the following persons can benefit from your labor: ❏ you ❏ your employees ❏ your customers

35. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
ANTICIPATORY SET Work with a partner to consider the following scenario: Suppose an uninsured driver hits your car from behind, makes it inoperable, and causes $3000 damage to it. Even though your insurance will fix your car after you pay the $600 deductible, you still have to hire a tow‑truck for $70 to take away your vehicle, rent a car for two weeks at $200 per week, and miss two hours of work to go to the body shop. ❏ What ought the uninsured driver do to be just to you?

36. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What are the sins against the goods of others? ❏ What is the obligation of restitution? ❏ What is spiritual poverty? KEY IDEAS ❏ Christians must respect the goods of others and avoid the temptations of greed, avarice, and envy. ❏ Restitution must be made if a person’s property is stolen or damaged. ❏ Spiritual poverty, which is the recognition that only God can satisfy the human heart, is the best antidote to covetousness.

37. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What are some examples of stealing? Vandalism, cheating on exams, reporting more payroll hours than actually worked, wasting time at work, price gouging, shoplifting, and finding and keeping things of value without an honest attempt to find the rightful owner are stealing. ❏ What is wrong about excessive gambling? Excessive gambling is the squandering of money that should be used to support oneself and one’s family. Extension: Gambling, in itself, is not inherently evil and is a legitimate form of entertainment.

38. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
❏ What is the antidote to covetousness? Take to heart the first Beatitude, “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” ❏ What is spiritual poverty? It is a willing detachment from the things of this world. ❏ Why is spiritual poverty a good thing? It encourages the firm conviction that only God can fulfill the human heart. We tend to make material things absolute goods and ultimate ends, and that does not conform to reality.

39. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ How can taking good care of one’s possessions contribute to the virtue of spiritual poverty?

40. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Complete the following table to organize your understanding of the sins of covetousness.

41. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)

42. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
GUIDED EXERCISE Review the paragraphs on page 250 beginning, “The person who has unjustly stolen...” and “In order to be absolved...” and do a think / pair / write / share on the following question: ❏ If a person receives property that he or she later learns was stolen, what would the principle of restitution require them to do? What if he or she does not know the identity of the owner? Take one of the examples of more‑or‑less modern methods of unjustly appropriating the goods of another from CCC 2409 and explain in writing what it means.

43. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
CLOSURE Using the completed graphic organizer from this lesson, write a well‑organized paragraph identifying, defining, and illustrating the sins of covetousness.

44. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 23–25 (p. 264) ❏ Practical Exercise 4 (p. 266) ❏ Workbook Questions 20–27 ❏ Read “The Importance of Truth” through “Truth and Discretion” (pp. 251–255)

45. 3. Theft, Covetousness, and Restitution (pp. 248–250)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Free write on your new understanding of theft as “the unjust taking of another’s possessions against his or her reasonable will.”

46. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
ANTICIPATORY SET Opening Prayer on wisdom using the passage from Proverbs (8:6–12).

47. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ Why is truth important in human life? ❏ Why were the Chosen People confident in the truth, and what did Christ teach about the truth? ❏ When is it wrong to reveal information or to withhold it? KEY IDEAS ❏ When there is miscommunication—particularly in the case of a direct lie, evasive language, or an intentional and unjust withholding of the truth—it can create mistrust and discord in human relationships and even sow the seeds of hatred. ❏ The Jews had confidence in their relationship with the truth because of their possession of the Word of God. In his teachings, Christ shows us that the fullness of truth is manifested when it is articulated with charity. The entire New Testament is a powerful reminder that the revelation of truth culminates in the life and teachings of Christ, who is the Truth. ❏ Confidential information must be withheld from one who does not have the right to know it. For just reasons, even confidential information may be required to be revealed to the proper persons.

48. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ Why is truth in speech, written language, or any other form of communication important? Truth makes trust in human interaction possible. ❏ Why did the ancient philosophers define man as a rational animal? He was the only creature who could grasp and communicate the truth. ❏ How did Greek and Roman language and philosophy aid the Church? The merging of pagan philosophy with Judeo‑Christian tradition opened up a marvelous perspective regarding the truth about God, the nature of man, and the means to everlasting life.

49. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ Why should Catholics be confident in their ability to find the ultimate truths about life? Truths concerning Faith and morals taught by the Church have the stamp of total certainty because of the promised assistance of the Holy Spirit. ❏ How are humans different from animals when it comes to truth? We ask questions, seek knowledge, and share it with others. Animals do not.

50. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
❏ What are consequences of the truth for human dignity?
The dignity of a child of God means that every person deserves to hear the truth, pursue it, and, once discovered, speak it.
❏ What is the relation between truth and charity according to Christ’s teachings?
In his teachings, Christ shows us that the fullness of truth is manifested when it is articulated with charity.

51. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
❏ What vocation does every Christian share in relation to the truth? Every Christian has a vocation to witness and communicate the truth. ❏ What is the relationship between everything truthful and Christ? Because Christ incarnates the fullness of the truth, everything truthful reflects his mind in some way. ❏ What does every book of the Old Testament affirm about truth? Truth finds its source in God. ❏ What was the Chosen People’s attitude toward their access to the truth about the world, morality, and God? They were confident because they had direct access to God through the Scriptures, the Word of God.

52. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
❏ Why does being made in the image of God require us to be truthful? If the source of truth is God and we are made in the image of God, then we must reflect truth. ❏ How do Christ’s words about truth and freedom relate to moral relativism? Christ’s words, “If you continue in my word, you are truly my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will make you free” (Jn 8:31–32) clearly refute moral relativism. Jesus says we can really know the truth, which is rooted in him, and that this truth gives freedom. In moral relativism, there is no objective truth; instead, one believes what is most appealing. If what one believes is false, then it will enslave, not liberate.

53. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / write / share on the following question based on Proverbs 8:6–12. ❏ Why does the Sacred Author say that wisdom is more valuable than silver, gold, and jewelry? Work with a partner to perform a paragraph shrink on the paragraph beginning, “Like the previous commandments” (p. 252). Work with a partner to come up with an explanation of why truth requires love to be fully revealed. Share responses.

54. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the first practical way of obeying the Eighth Commandment? Speak truthfully at all times. ❏ Must one communicate everything one knows according to the Eighth Commandment? No. Sometimes we have a duty to uphold and protect someone’s good name or protect private or sensitive material through silence. ❏ What are some examples of confidential information that people do not have a right to know? Classified information regarding a company, military intelligence, health histories, or how someone votes in a general election should be kept private. ❏ What are examples of classified information that must be disclosed? Sometimes the protection or welfare of an individual or others in society may warrant disclosure of classified information, such as knowledge of drug trafficking, financial fraud, sexual abuse, corruption, or criminal activity.

55. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ When is knowledge of truth a direct pathway to God? It leads to God when these truths are lived out. ❏ What is falsehood, and what are some of its consequences? Falsehood is a deviation from the reality God has established. Personal sadness, family strife, and crimes are just some consequences of living by a false moral code.

56. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
GUIDED EXERCISE Based on the paragraph that begins, “Moral issues may also arise...” (p. 255) do a think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ What duty does a journalist have in regard to reporting scandal? Then discuss the following question: ❏ To what extent do you think the news / entertainment media practice discretion in reporting scandal that lowers our society’s morals?

57. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph explaining the importance of truth in the Sacred Scriptures.

58. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 26–32 (pp. 264–265) ❏ Practical Exercise 5 (p. 266) ❏ Workbook Questions 28–39 ❏ Read “Lies and Their Consequences” through “Gravity of the Sin of Lying” (pp. 255–256)

59. 4. Truth and Discretion (pp. 251–255)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT There are seven books of wisdom literature in the Old Testament, one of which is Proverbs. Survey the Book of Proverbs and select a proverb that especially appeals to you. Then, explain in writing what wisdom your chosen proverb is conveying.

60. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
ANTICIPATORY SET Visit the Web site “Confessions of an Ex‑Abortionist” by Dr. Bernard Nathanson ( Read the second paragraph that begins, “We persuaded the media… Identify deliberate lies that Nathanson and his colleagues at the National Association for the Repeal of the Abortion Laws (NARAL) told to push their agenda. How do you feel about these lies? Is it surprising that an organization that advocates the abortion of innocent unborn babies and stands to make huge profits by it would have no problem telling lies to accomplish its goals?

61. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What are the consequences of a lie for the speaker? ❏ How is the gravity of a lie determined? KEY IDEAS ❏ In the speaker, a lie causes moral damage, a loss of sincerity and credibility, and mistrust in his or her relationships. ❏ Four factors determine the gravity of a lie: the nature or object, the intentions, the circumstances, and the effects on others.

62. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the definition of a lie? An individual lies when he or she deliberately says something that is contrary to what he or she thinks or knows. ❏ What are the consequences of a lie for the speaker? A lie causes the speaker moral damage and a loss of sincerity and credibility in the eyes of others. In addition, the lie contributes to a general mistrust in human relationships.

63. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
❏ What moral damage does a lie cause?
Ultimately, the one who lies becomes alienated from Christ and others. Furthermore, he or she makes himself or herself vulnerable to the temptations of the devil, the “father of lies.”
❏ How is the gravity of a sin determined?
The Catechism mentions four factors that determine the gravity of a lie: the nature or object of the lie, the intentions, the circumstances, and the effects on others.

64. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to organize your understanding of the effects of lying on the speaker.

65. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)

66. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to organize your understanding of the factors affecting the gravity of a sin.

67. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)

68. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph explaining either the consequences of lying for the speaker or how the gravity of a lie is determined.

69. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 33–38 (p. 265) ❏ Practical Exercise 6 (p. 267) ❏ Workbook Questions 40–46 ❏ Read “Sins Against the Reputation of Another” through “The Duty to Make Reparations” (pp. 256–259)

70. 5. Lies and Their Consequences (pp. 255–256)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Discuss the lie Maria told about her friend Anita in Practical Exercise 1 in terms of what CCC 2486 says about lies.

71. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–59)
ANTICIPATORY SET Free write for a few minutes about a time when someone lied about you or someone close to you. ❏ What was involved? ❏ How did you feel about the lie? ❏ Did you suffer harmful consequences? ❏ What was the final outcome?

72. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256– 259)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ What must be our attitude toward the reputation of another? ❏ What are sins against reputation? ❏ When does one have the duty to make reparation for damaging another’s reputation? KEY IDEAS ❏ It is an obligation both of justice and charity to protect and, if possible, to build up the good reputation of another. ❏ Sins against the reputation of another include calumny, slander, detraction, rash judgment, flattery, and bragging. ❏ A lie is not only a sin against truth and charity, but also against justice, which by its very nature demands reparation.

73. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What are sins against the reputation of another? Calumny, detraction, rash judgment, flattery, and bragging are sins. ❏ Why does every person have a right to a good name or reputation? He or she has dignity as a child of God. ❏ What is our responsibility toward the reputation of others? It is an obligation of justice and charity to protect and, if possible, to build up the good name of others. ❏ What should we do when we are aware of someone’s shortcomings but neither their own welfare nor the common good require disclosing them? We should keep this knowledge to ourselves to protect the person’s good name.

74. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Read the following quote from St. Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises (22):
Every good Christian ought to be more ready to give a favorable interpretation to another’s statement than to condemn it. But if he cannot do so, let him ask how the other understands it. And if the latter understands it badly, let the former correct him with love. If that does not suffice, let the Christian try all suitable ways to bring the other to a correct interpretation so that he may be saved.
Journal on the following prompt:
❏ Think of someone you do not particularly like or respect or with whose views you do not agree. Write about this person using the point of view St. Ignatius recommends. (Don’t use names.)
Then, discuss the following question:
❏ Without excusing anything that is objectively wrong, can you gain a greater respect and understanding of this person in this way?

75. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
Guided Exercise Complete the following graphic to organize your knowledge of sins against the reputation of another.

76. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)

77. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph identifying, defining, and exemplifying sins against the reputation of others, including when reparation is required.

78. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 39–42 (p. 265) ❏ Practical Exercises 7–12 (p. 267) ❏ Workbook Questions 47–51 ❏ Read “Obligation to Keep Secrets” through “Conclusion” (pp. 259–260)

79. 6. Sins Against Reputation (pp. 256–259)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Based on the material in this lesson, brainstorm to make a list of advice on how to avoid damaging anyone’s reputation or good name, even if the person is not perfect.

80. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
ANTICIPATORY SET Opening Prayer on Acts 4:5–20.

81. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
BASIC QUESTIONS ❏ When are we obliged to keep secrets? ❏ When must we reveal a secret? ❏ What is the greatest testimony to the truth? KEY IDEAS ❏ We are obliged to keep a secret under three conditions: when the good of our neighbor demands it, when we have promised to keep it, or when our profession or office requires it. ❏ We may reveal a secret—even after making a promise not to—when it is necessary to correct a serious wrong or to avoid a great harm to the common good. ❏ While martyrdom is the ultimate testimony to Christian truth, for most of us, centering our daily lives around Jesus Christ in an effort to strive for sanctity is the best way of showing love for the truth.

82. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ When are we obliged to keep a secret? We are obliged to keep a secret under three conditions: when the good of our neighbor demands it, when we have promised to keep it, or when our profession or office requires it. ❏ When are we released from keeping a secret? We are released when it is the only way to correct a serious wrong or to avoid a great harm to the common good.

83. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
GUIDED EXERCISE A think / pair / share on the following question: ❏ How does the seal of Confession give a penitent confidence in this Sacrament?

84. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
FOCUS QUESTIONS ❏ What is the most binding kind of secret? A professional secret is most binding. For example, not even the common good of society is sufficient reason for a physician, lawyer, or priest, for instance, to reveal a secret impediment to marriage that he or she may happen to know in the exercise of his or her office. ❏ What is the most binding of all secrets? The most binding of all secrets is that of the Sacrament of Reconciliation. Under the pain of sacrilege and excommunication, a priest may not reveal for any reason anything that he learns in Confession, even at the cost of his own life. This is called the seal of Confession. ❏ What is the ultimate manifestation of love for the truth? To give one’s life for it.

85. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
❏ How did the early Christians, and many more in later ages, give witness to the truth of Christ? They preferred torture and execution rather than to deny their faith. ❏ What is the best way for ordinary Christians to show love for the truth? Centering one’s daily life around Jesus Christ in an effort to strive for sanctity is the best way of showing love for the truth. ❏ Is an ordinary Christian often presented with difficult, even heroic, opportunities to be faithful to the truth? Yes. To profess the Gospel by speaking for the rights of the unborn, embracing a chaste lifestyle, and evangelizing by both word and example can cost one a lot, as can simply remaining faithful to the Commandments in the difficulties that one faces each day.

86. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
GUIDED EXERCISE Work with a partner to formulate an example of each of the three conditions under which one is obliged to keep a secret: ❏ When the good of our neighbor demands it … I learn my next‑door neighbor is an undercover FBI agent. ❏ When I have promised to keep it … My friend asks me to keep a secret of when he is going to ask his girlfriend to marry him. ❏ When profession or office requires it … A parent demands the school board president tell him what was discussed during an executive session of the board.

87. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
CLOSURE Write a paragraph explaining the conditions in which one must keep and not keep secrets.

88. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT ❏ Study Questions 43–45 (p. 265) ❏ Workbook Questions 52–55

89. 7. Secrets and Martyrdom (pp. 259–260)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Do an Internet search to read the story of a twentieth‑century Catholic martyr.

90. The End