1. Why Feed Performance Trace Minerals® To Poultry?!
Mixing ratio: AVAILA ZN 120 – 350 GR PER TON , AVAILA ZMC - 1KG/BREEDER
איך תגדיל את כמות האפרוחים: כרגע נותנים 152 ביצים.
נקטין את כמות הביצים עם סדק/שבורות שיגיעו למדגרה – 1.5%-2%
נגדיל את אחוז הביצים שיהיו מופרות– אם יש בעיה עם הזרע והרגל – 1%
נגדיל את חיות האפרוחים (הביצים שיופרו) עד שבוע.
Liability = כמה האפרוחים חיים עד 7 ימים אחרי.
DOC’S = DAY OLD CHICKS
קשה להם לשבור את הביצה – אם האפרוח לא מספיק חזק.

2. Energy Protein Minerals Vitamins Water Fibers
FEED
Energy Protein Minerals Vitamins Water Fibers
Trace
Macro
Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Se, I, Fe
P, Mg, Na, Cl, K, Ca, S
Other Minerals
Performance Minerals
המקרו יכולים להשפיע על המיקרו.
OTHER MINIRALS – (מתחת רשום מה סוחב אותם= קלאטים) אינאורגני (כימי בכחול) + אורגני (בירוק)
שלנו יותר יציב. מולקולה קטנה יותר מסיסה במים.
Oxides, Sulfates, Chlorides, Carbonates, Selenite Acetates, Proteinates, Glycinates , Propionates, Butyrates, Polysaccharides
ZPM
CG - 245

3. Impact Of Trace Mineral Status On Biological Function
IMPACT OF STATUS
Impact Of Trace Mineral Status On Biological Function
NRC Req
Time
Immunity & Enzyme Function
Maximum Production/Reproduction
Subclinical
Trace Mineral Status
Optimal
Clinical
Normal Production/Reproduction
Deficiency
Decreasing Status
Increasing Status
לייצור יותר אנטיבדי צריך רמה גבוהה של אבץ.
אנטיבודי הינו פרוטאין. לייצור הפרוטאין, צריך אנזימים המופעלים ע"י אבץ (אם יש מחסור אז התהליך המטבולי של יצירת הפרוטאינים = אנטיבודי = הימינוגלובלין יפגע).
Stat - 1

4. WHY IS ZINC IMPORTANT? > 230 Enzymes Reproduction
Eggshell and Membrane
Skin and FP Integrity
משפעל מעל 230 אינזימים.
באדום ניתן לראות השפעה משמעותית רוויה. (זרע, התאים האפידרמיים, העור, פוט פד, מערכת האימונית).
FP FOOT PAD.
להודים טוב למניעת שברים (ממש טוב)
Immune Function
Gut Morphology

5. WHY IS MANGANESE IMPORTANT?
Reproductive Function
Disease Resistance
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
משפיע על הרוויה – curpose litum.
Cartilage - = סחוס.
Wound healing
Bone , Joint, Cartilage Integrity

6. WHY IS COPPER IMPORTANT?
Disease Resistance
Eggshell
Enzyme Constituent & Activation
Strength Bone and Conn. Tissues

7. WHY IS SELENIUM IMPORTANT?
Antioxidant GSH-PX
WMD Prevention
Reduce drip loss, and increase freshness
WMD= white mussel disese
Disease Resistance

8. Trace Mineral Interactions
TRACE MINERAL\S INTERACTIONS
Trace Mineral Interactions
Key Interactions P S K Zn Cl
Cu, Ca, Fe Co F Fe
Zn, Cu, Mn Ca
Zn, Cu As Fe Zn Se
Zn and Cu can be antagonistic to each other if either one gets out of balance.
Cu (נחושת), Cd, Ca and Fe, reduce Zn absorption and interfere with its metabolism.
Recommended dietary contents are included between 40 and 50 ppm according to different authors.
Therefore, it is important to notice that stress, traumatisms, and any kind of pathologies really affect layers Zn status.
Mn is one of the less toxic trace minerals.
The recommended dietary content is 60 ppm.
Excesses in Ca intake (usual in layers) raise the requirements in Mn because of fecal losses increased. Mg Ca I Na Cu Mo Mn
PT - 79

9. Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Copper Retention
Trace Minerals Interactions
Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Copper Retention 10
7.5 5
2.5 -4
15.2 ppm Cu diet
7.6 ppm Cu diet
% Ca Content of Diet
Cu Retention ppm Feed
What about broiler breeder diets with 3+% Ca?
יותר קלציום פחות נחושת נספחת בכבד נעשה בעכברים
PG - 160
Adapted from Kirchgessner & Grassmann, 1970

10. Trace Minerals Antagonists In Poultry Diets
Fibers
Myco-toxins
Toxin binders
Calcium (Ca)
Clay
Phytates (Phytic acid / antioxidant compounds found in whole grain)
whole grain – דגנים מלאים
mPG - 96

11. TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION
The 3 Outcomes for Inorganic Minerals

12. TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION
Outcome 1. Excretion
Zn+2
Ingested
Zn+2
.מכיוון שאין מספיק טרנספוררטרים במעי יוצא הרבה בקקי
Gut Wall
Blood
CB - 50

13. TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION
Outcome 2. Excretion Zn
Ingested
Zn+2
Antagonist
Zn+2
נספח לאנטגוניסט ויוצא בקקי (לא נספח בגוף).
Gut Wall
Blood
CB - 50

14. TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION
Outcome Natural Success
Absorption Zn
Ingested
Mineral Transporter
תוצאה הכי טובה שזה נספח.
This diagram illustrates the theory of trace mineral absorption in a very simplified model. Zinc is used as an example in this model; however, the same concepts apply to Cu and Mn. When the animal consumes inorganic trace minerals such as zinc sulfate, there are three possible routes the Zn can take in the small intestine.
The Zn can remain as it is, not be absorbed and excreted in the feces.
The Zn is prone to interact with antagonists that can tie up the Zn thus preventing absorption and the Zn is excreted in the feces.
The Zn can bind with a complexing agent, such as an amino acid, and be absorbed across the lining of the small intestine.
Zinc in the form of zinc amino acid complex is already bound to an amino acid that can serve as the carrier mechanism to drive absorption. The question often arises as to how does the zinc amino acid complex molecule remain attached in the stomach with a very acidic condition? The manufacturing process of zinc amino acid complex occurs at a very low pH and the low pH of the stomach does not compromise or change the zinc amino acid complex molecule.
CB - 50

15. Proposed Theory Of Trace Mineral Absorption
Antagonist
Not Absorbed
Zn+2
Ingested
Small Intestine
Zn+2
Not Absorbed
Absorption Zn AA
Zn+2
Absorption
98.5% ספיחה של המולקולות של ZINPRO.
This diagram illustrates the theory of trace mineral absorption in a very simplified model. Zinc is used as an example in this model; however, the same concepts apply to Cu and Mn.
When the animal consumes inorganic trace minerals such as zinc sulfate, there are four possible routes the Zn can take in the small intestine:
1) The Zn is prone to interact with antagonists that can tie up the Zn thus preventing absorption and the Zn is excreted in the feces.
2) The Zn can remain as it is, not be absorbed and excreted in the feces.
3) The Zn can be absorbed into the gut cell by a trace mineral transporter
4) The Zn that is bound to an amino acid, can be absorbed through an amino acid transporter across the lining of the small intestine.
Zinc in the form of zinc amino acid complex is already bound to an amino acid that can serve as the carrier mechanism to drive absorption. The question often arises as to how does the zinc amino acid complex molecule remain attached in the stomach with a very acidic condition? The manufacturing process of zinc amino acid complex occurs at a very low pH and the low pH of the stomach does not compromise or change the zinc amino acid complex molecule.
Amino Acid Transporter
Trace Mineral Transporter AA Zn
mCB

16. Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Zinc Oxide
BIOAVAILABILITY OF ZPM
Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Zinc Oxide
RELATIVE TO ZINC SULFATE IN CORN-SBM DIET
גם ביסודות קורט אורגניים – מקור המתכת משפיע על הספיחה. ZNSO4 נספח הרבה יותר טוב מאשר ZNO.
ZnO ZnSO4
a Bioavailability estimated using multiple regression analyses of total tibia Zn in chicks; ZnSO4 set to 100 yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.01 Wedekind et al., J. Anim. Sci. 70:
CB - 9

17. Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Availa®Zn
RELATIVE TO ZINC SULFATE IN EUROPEAN DIET
השוונו את עצמנו ל ZNSO4 ואנחנו כמעט פי 2 יותר טובים.
לקחו את אפר העצמות הטיביה.
ZnSO4 Availa®Zn
a Bioavailability estimated using multiple regression analyses of tibia ash Zn content in chicks; ZnSO4 set to 100

18. Stability Constant Of Organic Trace Minerals
DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS
Stability Constant Of Organic Trace Minerals
RELATIVE TO LIGAND SIZE
לגנד = מה מחובר למתכת.
חומצת אמינו הכי יציב.
Z CPX - 30

19. Effect Of Trace Mineral Source And Level On Animal Performance
FORMULATION STRATEGY
Effect Of Trace Mineral Source And Level On Animal Performance
Performance
Increasing Trace Mineral Level
ZPM
Inorganic
מעל רמה מסוימת אסור לתת מתכת אחרת יהייה רעילות או יותר אינטראקציות עם מינרלים.
CB - 41

20. Poultry Technical Update

22. Performance Trace Minerals®
ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Performance Trace Minerals®
Consistent and Repeated Data across poultry species on
Skin strength and Caracas quality
Improve Immune response
Increase weight gain
Improve feed conversion
Intestinal Integrity and elasticity
Less pododermatitis (feet lesion)

23. PERFORMANCE Trace MINERALS 5R
BW Gain

24. Body Weightz: grams Difference vs Controls
BROILER SUMMARY
Body Weightz: grams Difference vs Controls
Availa-Zn®a
בממוצע מקבלים 45 גר' יותר מאשר.
a Control plus 40 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn (except trials 10-14, 16, 18 and 20 where 40 ppm Zn from sulfate was replaced by Zn from Availa-Zn)
z Average response from Availa-Zn not statistically analyzed

25. PERFORMANCE Trace MINERALS 5R
Feed Gain (FCR)

26. (Equalized to Body Weight of Controls)az: Point Difference vs Controls
BROILER SUMMARY
Feed/Gain
(Equalized to Body Weight of Controls)az: Point Difference vs Controls
Availa®Znbc
Point Difference vs Controls
-0.4
-1.0 -2
-1.5
-1.3
-2.4
-2.8 -4
-3.8
-3.8
-3.9
-4.8
-4.4 -6 -8
-7.7
-10
When talking about FCR you are usually referring to points.
E.g Average FCR 1.65kg/kg. One point difference would be +/
-12
-11.8
-12.9
Data Set
a 7 points body weight to 1 point feed conversion (0.032 kg body weight = 0.01 in feed conversion)
b Control plus 40 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn (except trials 10-14, 16, 18 and 20 where 40 ppm Zn from sulfate was replaced by Zn from Availa-Zn)
c Average body weight for the 22 trials was 2.84 kg
z Average response from Availa-Zn differs from control, P <
-14
AVG

27. Footpads (Podo-dermatitis)
PERFORMANCE TRACE MINERALS 5R
Footpads (Podo-dermatitis)

28. Pododermatitis Scoring System
AVAILA-Zn ON CARCASS DEFECTS - SRUC
Pododermatitis Scoring System
(0) Nonea
(1) Mildb
(2) Severec
No lesion: No lesion and the skin of the foot pad feel soft to the touch and no swelling
Mild: Mild lesion: Discolouration of the foot pad, superficial lesion, dark papillae.
Severe: Severe lesion: Ulcers or scabs, signs of hemorrhages or swollen food pad and more than half the foot pad covered by necrotic cells
a No lesion: No lesion and the skin of the foot pad feels soft to the touch and no swelling
b Mild: Mild lesion, discoloration of the foot pad, superficial lesion, dark papillae
c Severe: Severe lesion, ulcers or scabs, signs of hemorrhages or swollen food pad and more than half the foot pad covered by necrotic cells
PB - 838

29. Zinpro has copies of this valuable resource available for others in your organization and your customers. We also have additional information and data related to poultry production for your use. Let your Zinpro rep know if you need extra copies and we’ll do what we can to get you what you need.

30. Effects Of Availa®Zna On Broiler Footpad Lesion Scoreb
AVAILA-Zn AND HUBBARD ULTRA YIELD BROILERS – CQR
Effects Of Availa®Zna On Broiler Footpad Lesion Scoreb
Sulfatec
Availa-Znd
השפעת מתן אבילה ZN לזכרים ונקבות.
בד"כ שומרים אותם יחד כי הם אינם יכולים להזדווג כי הם קטנים.
חלק מהמקומות מפרידים ביניהם.
זכרים בד"כ מתים פתאום כי הם אוכלים יותר ואז רגל אחת באוויר. בגלל רעילות בגלל אי הסדרה של מטבוליזם של קרבוהידרטים – מציעים להוריד את האור ל 4 שעות בלילה.
SULFATE = ZNSO4.
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b 0 to 3 score: 0=normal, 1=pad burn, 2=pad scab, 3=Open sore; all birds in all pens were scored on d 44
c 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4
d Availa-Zn provided 40 ppm Zn in addition to ZnSO4
PB - 308

31. % IMPROVEMENT OVER SULFATEz
BROILER SUMMARY
Impact Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® Zinc On Paw Lesion Related Measurementsa
% IMPROVEMENT OVER SULFATEz
שיפור של 37.4% בתגובה.
a Data set 1 to 3 = Sellable Paws; 4 to 16 = Lesion Scores; 20 to 25 = Grades z Average response from Zinpro Performance Minerals differs from sulfate, P < PB

32. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Skin Strength

33. AVAILA-Zn ON CARCASS DEFECTS - SRUC
Skin Integrity Score
Score 0a
Score 1b
Score 2c
Score 3d
ככל שהעור יותר חזק יותר טוב.
Skin integrity scoring:
0: keratinized layer (epidermis) still present; good tensile skin; normal thickness; no skin scratches; no skin ruptures; no dermatitis; no cellulitis; normal skin colour;
1: superficial (שטחי) scratches in skin; thin skin layer; missing keratinized skin parts; signs of drip loss;
2: small sized open skin rupture < 4 cm; open skin scratch; absence of keratinized layer; serious drip loss; small sized dermatitis;
3: extensive skin rupture on hips, thigh, breast and/or backside; extensive dermatitis; extensive subcutaneous dermatitis; damaged breast muscles in plucker;
The birds were processed at the Carcass Evaluation Unit at SAC. A routine commercial processing procedure was followed. All birds were killed using a stun bath, where DC current is set at 100 Volts 400 Hertz, giving each bird a minimum of 105 mA as required.  The temperature of the scald tank was set at 51.5°C, ± 0.3°C. Immediately after the transfer of processed birds to chill room, all processed birds were assessed for carcass damage.
a 0: Keratinized layer (epidermis) still present; Good tensile skin; Normal thickness; No skin scratches; No skin ruptures; No dermatitis; No cellulitis; Normal skin color
b 1: Superficial scratches in skin; Thin skin layer; Missing keratinized skin parts; Signs of drip loss
c 2: Small sized open skin rupture < 4 cm; Open skin scratch; Absence of keratinized layer; Serious drip loss; Small sized dermatitis
d 3: Extensive skin rupture on hips, thigh, breast and/or backside; Extensive dermatitis; Extensive subcutaneous dermatitis; Damaged breast muscles in plucker
PB - 851

34. POULTRY GENERAL עור יותר אלסטי בגלל קולג'ין (ZN עוזר לו להיווצר)
חוזק - התאים מגבירים ייצור של תאים אפיטריולים (חלוקה של אותם תאים). (דרמיס – אפדירמוס-אפיטריולוס – סקוומס )
ZN ו MN עוזרים להחלמה מפצעים.
העוף ימשיך להתגרד אבל פחות יפצע את עצמו.
PG - 3

35. CELLULITIS IN BROILERS
צלוליטיס -(בקטריה) קורה בגלל שריטות
PG - 202

36. Impact Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Skin Strength Related Measurements
DATA SET -
ON TOP – מוסיפים ביחס לביקורת.
ISO – הם עם אותו רמה של ZN אבל חלק ממנו הינו של זינפרו – אנחנו לא ממליצים להתשמש רק בזינפרו מכיוון שזה יותר יקר. כמוכן מצאנו ששילוב שלהם עם אינאורגני אידיאלי – כדיי לא ליצור חוסר איזון ואינטראקציות בין המתכות.
What form of zinc was given in the control? Zinc sulphate 2.     Please explain the following criteria: This hole slide referred to skin strength so a-c are different ways of evaluating skin strength. a.     Displacement – Of what?  skin b.     Energy at break point – of what? skin c.     Grade – of what? Scoring of the skin quality using a grading system.
Data Set 8 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Trial 3 5 6 7
ZPM Zinca 2 4
Criteriab 1
a 2 = zinc amino acid complex on top; 4 = zinc amino acid complex Iso; all zinc supplemented at 40 ppm
b 1 = Total skin tears and scratches greater than 6 mm; 2 = Strength; 3 = Displacement; 4 = Energy at break point; 5 = Sores Scabs Scratches (SSS) at back; 6 = SSS at thigh; 7 = Grade
z Average response from Zinpro Performance Minerals, P <
PB - 493

37. TRACE MINERALS FOR LAYING HENS
Effect Of Vitamin E And Availa®Zna On The Severity And Incidence Of Cellulitisb
צלוליטיס = זיהום - ויטמין E = אנטיאוקסידנט.
עדיף להשתמש רק באבילה ZN.
Controlc Vitamin E Availa-Znd Vitamin E Availa-Zn
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b A dermal scratch procedure was used to elicit cellulitis
c Zinc from zinc sulfate source
d Control + 40 ppm zinc from Availa-Zn
Downs, et al., J. Appl. Poultry Res. 9:
PG - 116

38. Skin Lesion Score Breakout (%)
ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS IN BROILER DIETS – PARC
Skin Lesion Score Breakout (%)
1991 (40 D)
Treatments 1 2 3 4 5
Average Lesion Score
Control 14 25 26 20 9 6
2.00z
20/20a 47 33 11
0.84x
30/30 49 37 12
0.66wx
40/40 53 36
0.58w
Iso-Zn and -Mnb 34 31
1.31y
P.I
0 to 5: Total skin tears and/or scratches greater than 6 mm in length
a Ex: 20/20 = ZINPRO® zinc methionine (20 ppm Zn) and MANPRO® manganese methionine (20 ppm Mn)
b Iso-Zn and -Mn treatment also iso-methionine to 40/40
wxyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
PB - 19

39. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Intestinal Strength
האנרגיה הנדרשת לקרוע את המעי.
תלי באלסטיות של המעי + שלמות = אינגרטי (שלא שבור/פצוע).
סיבות:
כדיי שתהליך הייצור שבו לוקחיים החוצה את המעי שלא ישבר ויזהם את העוף.
מעי חזק ושלם יכול לספוח יותר.

40. Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® During An Coccidia Challenge
BROILER INTESTINAL LESION STUDY – CQR
Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® During An Coccidia Challenge
INTESTINAL LESIONS – NATURAL EXPOSURE
Controlb
Anticoccidial removed
ZINPRO®c
ZinPLEX®d
Availa®Zne
אנטיקוקסידיה הורידו ביום ה 35 ובדקו מה קורה.
קוקסידיה = פרוטוזואה – (סוגים אימיריה טנלה ואימריה מקסימה) אוכל את הלמלה של התאים – יוצר דימום ופוגע בספיחה.
יכולת החלוקה והטיפול בפצע וחלוקת התאים מהירה יותר בשימוש ב AVAILA-ZN.
a According to Johnson and Reid, 1970; Data given as sum of lesion scores for 4 sections of the intestine (upper, middle, lower and ceca)
b Zinc sulfate (40 ppm Zn)
c ZINPRO zinc methionine (40 ppm Zn)
d ZinPLEX: ZINPRO zinc methionine (20 ppm Zn) and LyZin® zinc lysine (20 ppm Zn)
e Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex (40 ppm Zn)
xyz Within day, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Rapp et al., Proceedings Eur. Symp. Poultry Nutr., Oct 2001, Blankenberge, Belgium
PB - 67

41. Why better Footpads/Skin/Intestine?
FUNCTIONS OF TRACE MINERALS
Why better Footpads/Skin/Intestine?
Primary functions of ZINC
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid metabolism
Epithelial tissue integrity
Cell repair and division
ה אבץ עוזר ב 4 התעניינים םה למטה.
Nucleic acid - חומצות גרעין
CTM - 13

42. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Broiler Breeders

44. Benefits Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® For Broiler Breeders (ZMC)
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Benefits Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® For Broiler Breeders (ZMC)
Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia
PG - 123

45. Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia
Footpad Quality
Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia
PG - 134

46. Effect Of Zinpro Zinc On Footpad Lesions
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Effect Of Zinpro Zinc On Footpad Lesions
FEMALE
Treatment
Footpad Lesion Scorea
Controlb
1.70y
ZINPRO®c
1.26z
LyZin®d
1.24z
ZINPRO/LyZine
1.30z
a Score: 0 = no lesion, 1 = lesions of <7.5mm, 2 = lesions of >7.5mm in diameter
b 55 ppm Zn from ZnO
c Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZINPRO zinc methionine
d Control + 40 ppm Zn from LyZin zinc lysine
e Control + 20 ppm Zn from ZnMet and 20 ppm Zn from ZnLys
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Hess et al., 2001 J Appl. Anim. Res. 19:49-60
PG - 135

47. Lame Roosters Don’t Mate!
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Lame Roosters Don’t Mate!
Lame=צולע
Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia
PG - 136

48. Lameness Decreases Broiler Breeder Production
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Lameness Decreases Broiler Breeder Production
Lame breeders have decreased ability to:
Eat
Drink
Breed
Roosters and hens are affected
PG - 137

49. Relative Performance Of Broiler Breeders Over Time
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Relative Performance Of Broiler Breeders Over Time
Mating Efficiency
Duration of Fertility
Sperm Cell Demand
Sperm Production
Relative Performance
32 Weeks 60 Weeks
Age of Breeder
PG - 144
Managing Broiler Breeders for Maximum Fertility, Dr McDaniel, World Poultry: Special 2000

50. Effects Of Zinc On Semen Quality
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Effects Of Zinc On Semen Quality
Essential nutrient for proper sperm production
Zinc deficiency may result in lowered testosterone levels
Testosterone – sexual ability hormon
Zink responsible for the Apethirial cells devithion and activate catalists that also generate - spirms
PG - 145
Photo courtesy of Zinpro Corporation

51. Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Sperm Quality
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Sperm Quality
On pork.
Sulfatesa ZPMb
a All diets contained 200 ppm Zn, 30 ppm Mn, 30 ppm Cu and 200 ppm Fe
b Trace mineral complexes added to replace sulfates: 40 ppm Zn from ZinPlex (ZINPRO® zinc methionine and ZINPRO zinc lysine), 20 ppm Mn from MANPRO® manganese methionine, 25 ppm Cu from CuPLEX® copper lysine and 20 ppm Fe from METH•IRON® ferric methionine
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
PG - 149

52. Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Broiler Breeder Performance
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Broiler Breeder Performance
Treatmentsa
Fertility, %
Control 78
ZnO 83
ZINPRO®b 85
a Zn levels: 72 ppm in Control, 152 ppm in ZnO, 152 ppm in zinc complex treatment groups Zn from zinc complex added at 80 ppm;
Each treatment mean is the average of 540 eggs collected from broiler breeder hens at 50, 54, and 56 weeks of age;
Treatments began at 41 weeks of age
b ZINPRO zinc methionine
Kidd et al J. Appl. Poult. Res. 1:
PG - 153

53. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Chicks

54. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chicks Per Henc
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chicks Per Henc
20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE
Control Availa-Zn 40-60/ 0-75/0-90d Availa-Mn 40-60e
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
yz Bars lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Khajarern et al., Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 13

55. Cumulative Chick Production
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA – BROILER BREEDER
Cumulative Chick Production
ZnSO4a Availa-Zn + ZnSO4c
a ZnSO4 (160 ppm Zn)
c Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn) and ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn)
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
PBB - 47

56. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Egg Production

57. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Egg Productionc
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Egg Productionc
20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE
Control Availa-Zn 40-60/ 0-75/0-90d Availa-Mn 40-60e
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.10
Khajarern et al., Poult. Sci 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 8

58. Maternal Carry-Over Effects
ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Maternal Carry-Over Effects

59. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chick Qualityc
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chick Qualityc
20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE
Performance Characteristics
Control 0-75/0-90d
Availa-Zn e
Availa-Mn e
Total chicks
23,624
25,777
Chicks per hen
114y
122z
Quality grade of chickf, # per hen
Grade AA
79y
87z
Grade A 35
Salable price of chicks, Baht/hen
514.66y
564.67z
209.64
212.38
Total
724.30y
777.05z
Feed/bird/day, g
147
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
f Grade AA = 40 g or heavier; Grade A = 38 to 39 g
yz Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Khajarern et al., Poultry Sci 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 12

60. Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY
Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen
Treatments
Bone Dry Weight (g)b
Zinc Content (µg/g Dry Bone)b
Toe Web Swelling PHA-P (mm)c
Control
0.075x
191.31
0.813z
ZnO
191.13
0.758z
ZINPRO
0.078w
210.50
1.067y
a ZINPRO zinc methionine
b Control = 72 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 80 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 80 ppm Zn from zinc complex
c Control = 78 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 40 ppm from Zn from zinc complex
wx Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P <
Kidd et al Poultry Sci.71: ; 1993 Poultry Sci. 72:
PBB - 53

61. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Progeny Livabilityc
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Progeny Livabilityc
Controld ZnSO4 + Availa-Zn + Availa-Zn + MnSO4e MnSO4f Availa-Mng
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb X Cobb broilers from 0 to 17 days of age; 37-wk-old hens fed treatment diets beginning at 21 weeks of age
d Control = 75 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 and 83 ppm Mn as MnSO4
e Control + 75 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 and 80 ppm Mn from MnSO4
f Control + 75 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn and 80 ppm from MnSO4
g Control + 75 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn and 80 ppm Mn from Availa-Mn
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Virden et al., 2002 Poultry Sci. 81:(In press)
PG - 167

62. Eggshell Quality

63. BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS FUNCTION IN THE LAYING PROCESS
EGG FORMATION TRACT
Isthmus
Uterus
Zinc
FUNCTION IN THE LAYING PROCESS
Zinc is a cofactor of keratinase and carbonic anhydrase, that play a role in the formation of egg membrane and shell function (isthmus and uterus)
PG - 158

64. Eggshell Quality Comparison
BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS
Eggshell Quality Comparison
This picture represents two types of shell. The first one is a weaker shell. It is the one from a laying hen where you can notice lines of breakage and this is characteristic of early lay. The second one is the one from a Guinea Fowl where you can notice no lines of breakage in the shell matrix and many directions for the calcite crystals. This demonstration is to demonstrate the strength of the shell (or resistance to breakage) is based on the direction of the calcite crystals and not the amount of calcite. Most of the nutritionists talk about the available calcium to improve the eggshell strength/resistance and we have to emphasize that the way the shell is constructed is very important as well. It is like building a wall with a lot of bricks: the key is not the number of bricks but the way you put them together. And the direction of the crystals seems to be directly linked to the eggshell membranes and this is why Zn, Cu and Mn are so important (Zn for protein synthesis, and secretion by epithelial cells in the oviduct; Cu for the texture of membranes with elastin; and Mn for the metabolism of collagen). Trace minerals are key factors to improve the quality of shell membranes especially in the second part of the lay when everything starts to decrease and egg quality is reduced.
Reference needed for picture.
Weak Shell Matrix
Strong Shell Matrix
PG - 159

65. UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BROILER BREEDER
Eggshell Quality
35 TO 65 WKa
Treatment
Egg Wt, g
Eggshell
Wt, %
Specific
Gravity, g/mL
Thicknessb, µm
Discard
Eggsc, %
Sulfatesd
70.37
8.96y
1.0852
382.09y
2.65
Availa®ZMCe Isof
70.68
9.10z
384.82z
2.42
Availa-ZMC On Topg
70.20
9.17z
1.0858
385.83z
2.44
P value
0.48
0.02
0.16
0.04
0.39
Egg Weights
In the US the hen weights are kept very strictly under control then in the US the feed conversion per dozen hatching eggs is one of the main criteria to express the  efficiency of the flock.  That is not the case in Latin America  where total chicks per HH is more important and heavier female body weights and higher protein levels are used in production feed.  It is fairly common in Latin America to have in peak production a protein intake per hen from 25 to 27 grams.  In the US this number is between 23 and 24 grams.
Kcal intake levels in Latin America ( kcal) are also considerably higher than in the US ( kcal) in peak production and beyond.  This explains the heavier eggs.
a Data were the mean of the period
b Average of 5 eggs per replicate; each thickness was measured 3 times at the shell’s equator
c Deformities and cracks 
d 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4, 100 ppm Mn from MnSO4 and 10 ppm Cu from CuSO4
e Availa-ZMC: Availa®Zn zinc amino acid complex, Availa®Mn manganese amino acid complex and Availa®Cu copper amino acid complex
f Availa-ZMC replaced 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, from sulfates
g Availa-ZMC supplied 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, in addition to sulfates
yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
PBB - 64

66. Effect Of Availa®Zna and Availa®Mnb On Eggshell Breaking Strength In Layers
- Hens were kept in individual cages
- 12 Hy Line Brown hens/treatment
Treatment applied from 25 until 70 weeks of age (end of study)
no differences between treatments for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion
0Zn/0Mn Zn/0Mn Zn/50Mn Zn/50Mn Zn/0Mn Zn/100Mn Zn/100Mn
ZnO, ppm Zn 30 15 -
Av-Zn, ppm Zn
MnO, ppm Mn 50 25
Av-Mn, ppm Mn
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Swiatkiewicz and Koreleski, Veterinari Medicina, 53, 2008 (10):

67. UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BROILER BREEDER
Eggshell Quality
35 TO 65 WKa
Sulfatesd Availa®ZMCe Availa-ZMC Isof On Topg
Sulfates Availa-ZMC Availa-ZMC Iso On Top
a Data were the mean of the period
b Average of 5 eggs per replicate
c Each thickness was measured 3 times at the shell’s equator
d 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4, 100 ppm Mn from MnSO4 and 10 ppm Cu from CuSO4
e Availa-ZMC: Availa®Zn zinc amino acid complex, Availa®Mn manganese amino acid complex and Availa®Cu copper amino acid complex
f Availa-ZMC replaced 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, from sulfates
g Availa-ZMC supplied 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, in addition to sulfates
yz Within a category, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
PBB - 66

68. ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Immune Response

69. DISAPPEARANCE OF TURKEY BLOOD E. coli – CQR
Effect Of Availa®Zna On 21 d Old Female Turkey Blood E. coli Disappearance
Sulfateb
Availa-Znc
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b 100 ppm Zn
c Availa-Zn supplied 40 ppm Zn on top of ZnSO4
y Within each post-inoculation time, P < 0.07
z Within each post-inoculation time, P < 0.13
PT - 179

70. Macrophage Phagocytic Response 4-Week-Old Tom Turkeys
ZnSO4/MnSO4
ZINPRO®a/MANPRO®b
a ZINPRO zinc methionine (40 ppm Zn)
b MANPRO manganese methionine (40 ppm Mn)
c SRBC/M: sheep red blood cells per macrophage
yz Within SRBC type, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Ferket, 1991 PT

71. Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY
Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen
Treatments
Bone Dry Weight (g)b
Zinc Content (µg/g Dry Bone)b
Toe Web Swelling PHA-P (mm)c
Control
0.075x
191.31
0.813z
ZnO
191.13
0.758z
ZINPRO
0.078w
210.50
1.067y
a ZINPRO zinc methionine
b Control = 72 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 80 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 80 ppm Zn from zinc complex
c Control = 78 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 40 ppm from Zn from zinc complex
wx Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P <
Kidd et al Poultry Sci.71: ; 1993 Poultry Sci. 72:
PBB - 53

72. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
Control 0-75/0-90d
Availa-Zn 40-60/Availa-Mn 40-60e
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 25 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
f ND = Newcastle disease; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; Vaccination schedule: 7, 24, 56, 84, 106, 140 and 196 days of age and every 56 days thereafter
yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Khajarern et al., Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 16

73. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
Control 0-75/0-90d
Availa-Zn 40-60/Availa-Mn 40-60e
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 12 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
f IBD = infectious bursal disease; Vaccination schedule: 18, 28 and 140 days of age
yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Khajarern et al., Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 17

74. Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
THAILAND BROILER BREEDER
Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec
Control
Availa-Zn 40-60/
0-75/0-90d
Availa-Mn 40-60e
a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex
b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex
c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 12 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval
d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn)
e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn)
f IB = infectious bronchitis; Vaccination schedule: 7, 24, 56, 84, 106, 140 and 196 d of age and every 56 d thereafter
wx Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.10
yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Khajarern et al., Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.)
PBB - 18

75. Zinpro Performance Minerals®
ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R
Zinpro Performance Minerals®
Consistent and repeated data in broiler breeders and layers on
Increased egg production
Feed conversion
Shell quality advantage
Maternal carry-over that benefits the progeny
Immunity

76. Thank You
CC - 2

77. Questions?
CC - 2