1. Are CBAs in Cambodia, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam guaranteeing decent working conditions? Analysis and comparison from the WageIndicator database
Daniela Ceccon
Database manager and researcher
WageIndicator Foundation – University of Amsterdam
Iftikhar Ahmad
Labour law specialist
WageIndicator Foundation

2. THE SAMPLE USED IN THIS ANALYSIS
215 collective agreements, from four countries, mostly valid in 2009 or later
Around 750 variables about nine topics related to working conditions
61% of the CBAs are from manufacturing sector (42% of which are from textile, wearing apparel and leather)
Other most represented sectors are mining (8%) and agriculture (7%)
97% are enterprise level CBAs, but there are four sectoral CBAs and three multi-company CBAs.

3. The WAGEINDICATOR DATABASES
COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS DATABASE
LABOUR LAW DATABASE
Established in 2012
Currently contains almost 900 collective agreements from 52 countries
Agreements are coded, annotated (749 variables and nine main topics) and published in the national sites run by WageIndicator
Established in 2009 (updated every year)
Provides information on 48 themes relating to decent work agenda
Covers more than 100 countries
Decent Work Checks are available as country labour law profiles in English and local language
Labour law information is available on country websites

4. The WAGEINDICATOR DATABASES
WageIndicator is a foundation based in the Netherlands and running websites in 92 countries. Through our national websites, we collect, compare and share information about Wages, Labour Law and Career.
COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS DATABASE
LABOUR LAW DATABASE
Established in 2012
Currently contains almost 900 collective agreements from 52 countries
Agreements are coded, annotated (749 variables and nine main topics) and published in the national sites run by WageIndicator
Established in 2009 (updated every year)
Provides information on 48 themes relating to decent work agenda
Covers more than 100 countries
Decent Work Checks are available as country labour law profiles in English and local language
Labour law information is available on country websites
Established in
… labour law
…. topics

5. WHERE ARE THE CBAs FROM? INDONESIA: 122 agreements
CAMBODIA: 6 agreements
PAKISTAN: 82 agreements
VIETNAM: 5 agreements

6. Which are the topics analysed in the WageIndicator CBA Database?
Wages
Social security and pensions
Sickness and disability
Work-life balance arrangements
Individual employment contracts / job security
Working hours, schedules, holidays and days of leave
Equality and/or violence in the workplace
Health and medical assistance
Training / apprenticeship

7. Main differences:
INDONESIA
PAKISTAN
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM

8. Main differences: INDONESIA PAKISTAN CAMBODIA VIETNAM
Longer and more detailed agreements
Shorter agreements
The CBAs repeat some of the provisions stated in the law
CBAs are made for some provisions only or to improve the law
Most of the topics are tackled in CBAs
CBAs focus more on monetary benefits and on health and medical assistance clauses
Gender-related clauses (though more a repetition of statutory provisions)
No gender-related clauses

9. Gender-related clauses:
INDONESIA
CAMBODIA
Maternity leave (13 weeks by law): PT. JICT CBA provides for 17 weeks
Two days menstrual leave (as in the law)
Discrimination is prohibited in 70% of the CBAs
Violence in the workplace is prohibited in 86% of the CBAs
1/3 of the CBAs prohibit sexual harassment (See PT. Ching Luh Indonesia)
Multi Terminal provides for one month paternity leave (pay not specified) (law says 2 days)
Maternity leave (13 weeks by law): Cambodia Airport CBA provides for 14 weeks; four CBAs provide for full wage.
Sunway Hotel addresses discrimination related to maternity
Regency Hotel provides for a Women's Commission within the company and clearly prohibits sexual harassment in the workplace.
Three CBAs provide for paternity leave (not in the law)

10. Wages: no pay scales, but focus on monetary benefits:
VIETNAM
PAKISTAN
Night work premium in 16% of the CBAs (Bata provides for 150%) – no provision in the law
¼ of the CBAs provide for monetary tuition/subsidy for children's education (see case of Pakistan Cables Ltd)
Minimum wage
One CBA provides 150% for night work (130% by law)

11. Wages: no pay scales, but focus on monetary benefits:
VIETNAM
PAKISTAN
Night work premium in 16% of the CBAs (Bata provides for 150%) – no provision in the law
¼ of the CBAs provide for monetary tuition/subsidy for children's education (see case of Pakistan Cables Ltd)
Minimum wage
One CBA provides 150% for night work (130% by law)
Same improvement for night work (130% to 150%) also in two Cambodian agreements.

12. Working hours and leave
INDONESIA
CAMBODIA
PAKISTAN
PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi provides for 18 days of paid annual leave (12 by law)
Cambodia Airport provides for:
44 working hours per week (48 by law)
25 days paid leave (18 by law)
Sona Welfare Foundation Rawalpindi reduces working hours to 40 from 48 (law)
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation provides for 52 days of paid leave (14 days by law)

13. How collective bargaining data improve the lives and working conditions?
CBA texts are published in the sites  increase awareness
Good practices  model (sample CBAs)  better / new provisions
Negotiators can compare clauses  improve collective bargaining and collective agreements  improve working conditions and reduce gender pay gap

14. All the collective agreements can be found at wageindicator
All the collective agreements can be found at wageindicator.org/labour-laws/collective-bargaining-agreements
To download this paper and presentation, please visit wageindicator.org/Wageindicatorfoundation/publications/
THANK YOU!