1. Integrity and Ethics Achala Dahal
Professional Course on Management and Development- 2075
Achala Dahal

2. Presentation outline Public sector integrity and ethics
Ethical and Unethical Behaviour
Integrity leader/builder

3. Public officials are expected to make decisions and act solely in the public interest - not allowing decisions or actions to be influenced by personal or private interests.
Public institutions have to deliver public service efficiently and effectively to build public trust.

4. Building trust through the provision of services that are of high quality.
Responsiveness, accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness are vital to gain public trust.
Let us see how we are ...

5. स्थिति / प्रवृति ...
व्यवसायीद्वारा साल्ट ट्रेडिङलाई चिनीको बिक्रि रोक्न दबाव
२०७३/३/२१ गते बल्खु फलफुल तथा तरकारी बजार अनुगमन गर्न गएको मन्त्रि समेतको टोलीलाई Tampered Weighing Machine Seal गरेको बिरोधमा हातपात
सरकारले क्षमता भन्दा बढी यात्रु नबोक्न निर्देशन दिएको बिरोधमा चितवनमा यातायात व्यबशायीहरुले विध्यार्थीहरुलाई सवारी चढ्न रोक
कृषकद्वारा तरकारीमा विषादीको प्रयोग
मन्त्रीहरुले नियुक्ति पाएको १५ दिन भित्र सार्वजनिक गर्नु पर्ने सम्पति विवरण बुझाएका छैनन्
संसद बैठकमा गणपुरक संख्या नपुग्दा बैठक रद्द

6. कार्यालय उपकरण / सामाग्री व्यक्तिगत काममा प्रयोग
वरिष्ठ कर्मचारीहरु कार्यालय समयमा लोक सेवा आयोगमा उत्तर पुस्तिका परिक्षण गर्ने
उप-सचिव सम्मको सरुवा सचिवले गर्ने अधिकार छ, तर नगरी नियम संशोधन
कार्यालय समय १० – ५, तर कर्मचारी ढिलो आउने र चाडै जाने
धारामा पानि नआयपनि महशुल तिर्नु पर्दछ
सडकका अवस्था
ट्याक्सी भाडा – मिटर र तिर्नुपर्ने रकम
सातजनाको हत्यामा संलग्न भारतीय सिरिअल किलर मुस्तकिम भनिने मो. रइस मियाँले बंशजका आधारमा नागरिकता र सप्तरी बाट २ र सिराहाबाट १ राहदानी लिएको – कान्तिपुर, २०७३/५/२२

7. संसदबाट खाजा र चिया बन्दपछी कतिपय संसदीय समितिमा चिया Self-service
निर्वाचन आयोगले प्रचलित कानुन बमोजिम आयव्ययसहितको बार्षिक प्रतिबेदन नबुझाउने ८२ राजनीतिक दललाई जरिवाना
संसदबाट खाजा र चिया बन्दपछी कतिपय संसदीय समितिमा चिया Self-service
म्याग्दीमा सेना र पर्यटकले साँघु बनाय
गिद्द संरक्षणमा नेपालको प्रशंसा
धनगढीको राधाकृष्ण सामुदायिक वन स्थानीयको अथक प्रयासपछि हराभरा र घना जंगल
कान्तिपुर,२२/८/२०७३
राहतमा रजाई: हेलिकोप्टर भाडाका लागि भन्दै प्रत्त्येक पिडित परिवार बाट एक हजारका दरले लाखौ असुली
किमाथांका नाकासम्म सडक विस्तारलाई तिब्रता दिन मंगलबार हेलिकप्टर बाट डोजर र ट्रयाक्टर पुर्यार्इएको छ

8. Let us define integrity
Work in group
Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does Public sector integrity mean to you and your workspace.
Each group have 10 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

9. Public sector ethics and integrity
Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity.
Civil servant integrity
Commitment to work
Competency and ethical character
Transparency, trust and trustworthiness
Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

10. Public sector ethics and integrity: critical aspects
Publicness in public service
Capacity of public sector
Healthy governance
Effective prevention
Sharp detection
Robust prosecution and recovery
Culture of integrity in public service
Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment
Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

11. Video
हरेक व्यक्तिले सार्वजानिक क्षेत्रमा सदाचारलाई आ- आफ्नो तारिकाले बुझ्छन् र विष्लेशण पनि गर्छन् ।
Integrity Idol 2014, Gyan Mani Nepal
Integrity Idol Nepal, 2017 Finalist Shesh Narayan Poudel.mp4

12. Ethical vs unethical behaviour
Group work: Video Case
Watch the video case and discuss:
Your group’s opinion regarding ethical and unethical behaviour in the video?
Did you find any ethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver?
Did you find any unethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver?
Make notes and be prepared to share findings.
Time 15 mins for discussion continued with presentation

13. Ethics and ethical behaviour
A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct.
Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others.
A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

14. A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society.
Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust.
Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty, responsibility, and how you treat others in all facets of your life.

15. Creating strategies to promote integrity
Group work: Designing strategy
Work in 4 groups and use Activity Sheet.
Discuss and work to:
Design strategies to promote integrity and ethical behaviour amongst civil servants to improve the public services.
Prepare notes on paper, and be prepared to share the findings.

16. Key learning points
Capacity enhancement of public institutions—physical, resource base, human resource, role clarity etc.
Compliance to rule of law: strong regulative and legal enforcement mechanisms,
Promotion of ethical culture: norms, values and standards are set,
Development of good personal behaviour— attitudinal (intention) change

17. Key Learning points
Citizens are entitled to receive public services and have rights to hold civil servants accountable.
Civil servants need to understand work culture, values and maintain integrity better service delivery.
The human cost of unaccountable governance is manifolds higher (especially to WPEs) than the economic cost.
A single person can make the difference if he/she holds him/herself with integrity.

18. Integrity Leader
Think of an ideal person who you find with high integrity. Why?
Please share some of his/her characteristics.

19. Integrity Leader
 Integrity leader is the concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances.
Integrity leader is necessary condition for Integrity Building but we need something more.

20. Integrity builder is someone who build on -
Establishing culture beyond compliance in an organisation.
Building a culture of high ethical standards that are reflected in day- to-day practice.
Constructing culture based on ethical behaviour.

21. Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader
1. Commitment to public interest
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

22. Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader
1. Commitment to public interest
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

23. Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

24. Integrity building: compliance v/s integrity
When going on the journey of integrity leader has to choose various approaches
Based on compliance (reactive and proactive)
Based on integrity building (reactive and proactive)

25. Compliance Approach
 A Compliance Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Rules-based • Focused mainly on the application and enforcement of rules and procedures • Adversarial: naming, shaming, litigation • Problem-focused • Less Discretion

26. Integrity Approach:
 The Integrity Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being:
Values-based
Aware of discrepancies between policies, rules and laws, and actual implementation of them
Collaboration-focused to get violators to fix the problems by working with integrity, using conflict resolution methods, especially alternative dispute resolution methods .
Solution-focused
More discretion.

27. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups.
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

28. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

29. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Business Collective Action
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

30. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Business Collective Action
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

31. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups.
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

32. Conclusion No single way or quadrants is enough.
But everyone base their action based on one way and move to and fro.
Integrity leader based their efforts being on reactive compliance to proactive integrity and Integrity builder based their approach based on proactive integrity and use reactive compliance as on means when necessary.

33. Thank you