1. Posterior cruciate ligament

2. Ligamentous injury Primary signs Total discontinuity Abnormal contour
Abnormal signal
Secondary signs
Bone contusions
Anterior translocation of the tibia
PCL buckling
PCL line sign

3. Other lesions
Collateral
Patellar lesions
Osteochondritis
Fractures

4. Lateral pressure syndrome
Thickening of the lateral retinaculum
Lateral knee pain
Obese, athletic patients
May be associated with chnodromalacia

5. Patella alta
Sequlae of patellofemoral dysplasia
Lengthening of the infrapatellar tendon
May be associated with chnordomalacia
Length of patellar tendon/ length of patella > 1.3

6. Loose bodies
Read with plain films
Low signal fragments
Synovial osteochnodromatosis

8. Osteoarthritis DEFINITION
Osteoarthritis OA is a degenerative disease of synovial joints,
Characterized by
Breakdown of articular cartilage
Proliferative changes of surrounding bones

9. EPIDEMIOLOGY Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common joint disease
OA of the knee joint is found in 70% of the population over 60 years of age
Radiological evidence of OA can be found in over 90 % of the population

10. LIMITED FUNCTION OA may cause functional loss
Activites of daily living
Most important cause of disability in old age
Major indication for joint replacement surgery

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF OA
OA is a chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system, without systemic involvement
OA is mainly a noninflammatory disease of synovial joints
No joint ankylosis (immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.) is observed in the course of the disease

12. CLASSIFICATION OF OA Primary OA Secondary OA
Etiology is unknown Etiology is known

13. AGE
Primary OA > 40 years
Direct correlation
Aging process

14. RISK FACTORS FOR PRIMARY OA
Age
Sex
Obesity
Genetics
Trauma (daily)

15. SECONDARY OSTOARTHRITIS
Trauma
Previous joint disorders;
Congenital hip dislocation
Infection: Septic arthritis, Brucella, Tb
Inflammatory: RA, AS
Metabolic: Gout
Hematologic: Hemophilia
Endocrine: DM

16. STRUCTURE OF JOINT CARTILAGE
Collagen (Type 2)
Proteoglycan
- Hyaluronic acid
- Glycoseaminoglycan
Water
Condrocyte
Regeneration and Degeneration

18. MRI of osteoarthritis in the knee, with characteristic narrowing of the joint space.

19. a | Anteroposterior fixed flexion radiograph
a | Anteroposterior fixed flexion radiograph. b | Coronal intermediate-weighted 2D turbo spin echo MRI image. c | Coronal T1-weighted 3D fast low angle shot with water excitation MRI image. d | Coronal multiplanar reconstruction of the sagittal double echo steady state acquisition shown in part e. e | Sagittal 3D double echo steady state acquisition with water excitation MRI image. f | Sagittal intermediate-weighted 2D turbo spin echo with fat-suppression MRI image. g |Sagittal 2D multi-echo spin echo (echo time 10–70 ms; the MRI image displayed shows the acquisition with 10 ms echo time). Abbreviation: OAI, Osteoarthritis Initiative.