1. How to Paraphrase and Avoid Plagiarism

2. Pop Quiz: Which of these situations are cheating?
Copying from someone during a Biology test.
Asking someone in 3rd hour for the questions on the quiz you’re taking 1st hour.
Recycling & re-using your older sister’s project
Using ideas, but not direct quotations, from SparkNotes.
Turning in the same paper as your friend
Cutting and pasting a sentence from a website and then changing some of the words using the Thesaurus.
Letting my friend copy my French homework.
Using a quote from the book in your benchmark project paper, with a parenthetical citation, but forgetting to put quotation marks around it.
Putting “the Earth revolves around the sun” in your paper and not citing that fact.
(Answer: All are cheating except #9, which is common knowledge)

3. “…Taking and passing off as one’s own someone else’s work or ideas “
What is Plagiarism?
“…Taking and passing off as one’s own someone else’s work or ideas “
Not using ANY of your own ideas (entire paper is cited)
Citations do not lead to the right source
Inaccurately paraphrasing or misrepresenting the author’s intentions

4. What’s The Big Deal? In the “Real World,” if you plagiarize, you may…
Be expelled from college the first time
Lose your job
Lose recommendations to another college or job
Be sued by the person whose idea you “borrowed”

5. Are there any times I DON’T need to cite?
Info is so general it’s common knowledge. Nobody would need to look it up:
George Washington was the first US President.
Most schools have a summer vacation.
The Earth revolves around the sun.
Pollution is bad for the environment.
When in Doubt, Cite!

6. Instead of Plagiarizing, there are 2 choices…
Summarize or Paraphrase!
Put the information completely in your own words, with a citation.
Or…
2. Use direct quotations! Use the authors words, with “quotation marks around them” and a citation.

7. Use A Direct Quotation Use author’s exact words in quotations
Don’t make ANY changes to the original words
Cite your quotation
Ellipses can’t change the meaning!

8. …or Paraphrase Explain the main ideas of something you read
Show that you understand the source
Write completely in your own words
Use an in-text citation- (Example) Mike Brown writes about how students show a 50% improvement in schools that start at a later time.
A summary is shorter than the original source, paraphrase can be same length or longer

9. Caution! When you summarize or paraphrase…
Keeping MOST of the same vocabulary is plagiarism, even if you cite it
Keeping the original order of ideas is plagiarism, even if you cite it
Don’t change the meaning

10. Bad Paraphrasing!
Original: “In research writing, sources are cited for two reasons: to alert readers to the sources of your information and to give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and ideas” (Hacker).
Plagiarized Paraphrase: In research writing, we cite sources for a couple reasons: to notify readers of our information sources and give credit to authors we borrowed from (Hacker).
Writer has not made enough changes. Most of the original words are the same, and the original structure of the quote are the same.
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference, Fourth Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 1999.

11. Good Paraphrasing
Original: “In research writing, sources are cited for two reasons: to alert readers to the sources of your information and to give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and ideas” (Hacker).
Good Paraphrase: A researcher cites sources to acknowledge the original author’s work and to make sure the audience can tell where the information came from (Hacker).
Writer has changed the order of ideas and the words used. It is completely in his own words.
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference, Fourth Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 1999.

12. You Tell Me…
Original: “Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it… Never let them hear you tell little ‘convenient lies’ on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you” (Eyre).
GOOD or BAD? Be totally honest with your kids. This shows them that honesty is always important, and it will show them that you care. Never tell lies, even if small, and never ask them to lie for you (Eyre).
BAD: Most of the words have been changed, but the order of ideas is exactly the same.
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference, Fourth Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 1999.

13. You Tell Me…
Original: “Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it… Never let them hear you tell little ‘convenient lies’ on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you” (Eyre).
GOOD or BAD?
Children learn from their parents’ examples, especially when it comes to honesty. Parents who don’t tell or allow lies, even “white lies”, show their children the importance of telling the truth by setting a good example (Eyre).
Good!
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference, Fourth Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 1999.

14. How to Paraphrase in 3 Easy Steps! 
READ:
Read the passage many times to yourself or copy it down to a card.
Set it aside for five minutes.
After time has passed, write down what you remember from the passage in your own words on the back of the card.
Double check with the original to ensure you have not plagiarized.

15. 2. PARAPHRASE Pretend you’re explaining to a friend.
Try starting with something different/change the order.
DON’T put anything in your paper that you don’t understand.
Check and make sure it’s not the same
DON’T cut and paste!

16. 3. CITE YOUR SOURCES!
Cite your paraphrasing (yep, even though the whole thing is in your own words!)
Use the in-text citation
…because the IDEA is not yours!

17. When should you use a Direct Quotation? How do you choose one?
When you really can’t say it better!
When you want to capture the author’s way of saying something
When the exact words matter
Only when it’s relevant and important
***This would only apply to your ATTENTION GRABBER or CONCLUSION.

18. Introduction - Sample
***Attention grabber (quote, fact, statistic, question)
Attention Grabber: Carl Lewis once said, “People have a moral standard about what they will do and will not do. At the end of the day someone who cheats has a lower moral standard than someone who does not. And they will cheat in other areas of life as well.”
Lead-in: There is absolutely no excuse for cheating in any situation, as people who cheat at an early point in life will probably cheat later on in their lives.
Thesis: Therefore, cheating is never justifiable for many reasons.

19. Introduction
Attention Grabber: How many people in society have ever thought about cheating in some way or form?
Lead-in: While many people may believe that cheating is harmless, there is absolutely no excuse for cheating in any situation.
Thesis: Therefore, cheating is never the right thing to do for many reasons, including the fact that it is not fair and it leads to more cheating later in life.

20. Body Paragraph - Sample
(T.S.) First of all, one reason school uniforms should not be mandatory in all public schools is because they take away students’ individuality.
(S1)For example, in the article titled “Should Kids Wear School Uniforms?” the author discusses how uniforms actually go as far as taking students’ constitutional rights away, such as free speech and free expression.
(E1) One reason school is such a great place is because of the immense individuality that exists there; if that is taken away, so is a student’s will to be creative.
(S2) Another example has to do with the different types of clothes many students wear in order to sometimes illustrate their emotions.
(E2) Some students choose to wear specific clothing based on their mood that day; therefore, when certain students are down or depressed, their friends or teachers can step in to try and help. When uniforms are worn, this type of help is near impossible.
(Con.) Based on the evidence provided, it is obvious that school uniforms steal students’ individuality away from them.

21. Body Paragraph Sample
First of all, one reason school uniforms should not be made mandatory is because of the cost.
For example, many families cannot afford the high-priced uniforms that are being made these days.
These parents are more concerned with providing a shelter and food for their children rather than expensive school uniforms.
Another example is that the extra cost of school uniforms could be used elsewhere in the school or community.
The money spent on these uniforms may be better spent on school facilities, extracurricular activities, or community programs.
Therefore, based on the extremely high cost, uniforms should not be made mandatory.

22. Resources to Help You Avoiding Plagiarism:
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing: