1. Strength of Acids & Bases
Acid and base strength is measured on the pH scale:
pH ranges from 0-14 (typically)
pH less than 7 is acidic
pH greater than 7 is basic
pH equal to 7 is neutral
test
Stronger acid
Stronger base
See page 3 of data booklet.

2. Each decrease of 1 on the pH scale is 10x more acidic
e.g.
pH 4 is times more acidic than pH 5 10
pH 3 is times more acidic than pH 6
1000
pH 2 is times more acidic than pH 7
100000
Using p. 222 of your textbook, how much more acidic are…
lemons than tomatoes?
Stomach acid than bananas?
100 x
10000 x

3. Note: Square brackets [ ] is concentration
As pH goes up, [H+] goes down
As pH goes up, [OH-] goes up
As [H+] goes up, [OH-] goes down
Refer to diagram on data booklet.

4. Naming Acids Some common acid names are in your data booklet (p5)
How do you name the rest?

5. Jigsaw Activity Form 3 groups
Each group will become an expert in 1 way to name acids
Learn the rules from index card
Practice within group with questions
Mix up groups and teach others

6. Hydro, -IC or -OUS? If the anion name ends in -ide:
the acid name starts with hydro and ends with -ic acid.
eg: HCl:
Cl- is chloride. So HCl is hydrochloric acid.
If the anion name ends in -ate:
the acid name ends with -ic acid; no hydro- prefix.
eg: HNO3:
NO3- is nitrate. So HNO3 is nitric acid.
Hydrogen bromide – hydrobromic acid
Hydrogen Sulfate – sulfuric acid or hydrogen carbonate – carbonic acid
Hydrogen sulfite – sulphurous acid
If the anion name ends in -ite:
the acid name ends with -ous acid; no hydro- prefix.
eg: HNO2:
NO2- is nitrite. So HNO2 is nitrous acid.

7. Metal Oxides Non-Metal Oxides React with water to form bases.
Na2O(s) H2O(l)  2 NaOH(aq)
MgO(s) H2O(l)  Mg(OH)2(aq)
Non-Metal Oxides
React with water to form acids.
CO2(g) H2O(l)  H2CO3(aq)
H2co3 = carbonic acid
H2so4 = sulphuric acid
Last class – acids & metals, acids & carbonates  produce salts
SO2(g) H2O(l)  H2SO3(aq)
Produced from burning fossil fuels
When these gases go into the atmosphere they react with water to form ACID RAIN.

8. Assignment
Homework:
Workbook Pages 86, & 92 #2