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Appropriate technology for sustainable development A hmed, M.M.M. Institute of environmental studies Annual Conference for Postgraduate Studies and Scientific.

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Presentation on theme: "Appropriate technology for sustainable development A hmed, M.M.M. Institute of environmental studies Annual Conference for Postgraduate Studies and Scientific."— Presentation transcript:

1 Appropriate technology for sustainable development A hmed, M.M.M. Institute of environmental studies Annual Conference for Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research (Basic and Engineering Sciences) Friendship Hall 17-20 February 2012 What is appropriate technology Appropriate technology has been used to cover a wide range of both technologies and lifestyles including sustainable living, alternative fuels, and ethical technology transfers. A technology is considered appropriate if it solves a social problem without many adverse negative effects. Appropriate technology vary between fields and applications, it is generally recognized as encompassing technological choice and application that is small scale, labor intensive, energy efficient, environmentally sound and locally controlled. Growing trends In 1977, the OECD identified in its Appropriate Technology Directory 680 organizations involved in the development and promotion of appropriate technology. By 1980, this number had grown to more than 1,000. International agencies and government departments were also emerging as major innovators in appropriate technology, indicating its progression from a small movement fighting against the established norms to a legitimate technological choice supported by the establishment. Inter- American Development Bank created a Committee for the Application of Intermediate Technology in 1976 and the World Health Organization established the Appropriate Technology for Health Program in 1977. Many of the ideas integral to appropriate technology can now be found in the increasingly popular sustainable development" movement, which among many tenants advocates technological choice that meets human needs while preserving the environment for future generations Simple hand-powered device – capable of shelling 50 kilograms (110 lb) of raw, sun-dried peanuts per hour – is now making African nut farming plausible. The device requires less than $50 in common materials to make, lasts 25 years, and just one sheller can serve the needs of a 2,000 person village. Thus it was no surprise when it won the 2006 Popular Mechanics Breakthrough award. Nutsheller Corn sheller Pot-In-Pot Refrigerator In 2001, Nigerian Mohammed Bah Abba won the 2001 Rolex Awards for Enterprise with his invention of a simple cooling system to preserve food in rural areas with no electricity. His solution was a Pot-in-Pot refrigerator, which relies on the concept of evaporative cooling. The system works by putting a smaller clay pot inside a larger one, separating the two by constantly moist sand. Evaporation causes a cooling effect in the inner pot. Hippo Roller Water device The Hippo Roller is a simple tool for transporting water from distant watering- holes back to homes and villages – an alternative to the traditional 5-gallon- barrels-on-heads approach. The product itself is similar to a barrel with a handle that you push ahead of you like a steamrollers drum, and has a capacity of 90 liters / 24 gallons. Thats nearly a 5X increase in productivity. In the past 15 years, the Hippo Roller Water Project has distributed over 30,000 rollers, directly benefitting over 200,000 people. Rain water conservation Agro-wells are large – typically 4.5 metres in diameter and 7-8 metres deep – and carefully constructed from blocks and concrete for durability. They last for many years with minimal maintenance. This is in contrast to traditional water wells that had to be repaired each year after the rains. Rain water catchment for household Rock earth dams convert gullies into reservoirs. Water treatment A village currently obtains its water from long distances. Although the stream water is highly turbid, and the incidence of diarrhoeal disease is high, villagers are used to obtaining their water from a close by contaminated source. To improve the health of the villagers requires a cleaner water supply, probably requiring treatment to remove pathogens but all at an acceptable cost. Manure management practices Livestock manures represent a valuable resource that, if used appropriately, can replace significant amounts of chemical fertilizers The most known technology for manure management is the anaerobic digestion, which is a process in which organic matter from wet organic wastes (ie. liquid manure, food processing wastes, etc.) is converted into methane by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. The methane is then collected and may be used to generate electricity. In addition, the anaerobic digestions process creates potentially valuable by-products, such as the solids fraction - fiber, and liquid with available nutrients.anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digester Biogas for cooking and electricity Eco-villages The concept of sustainable smart eco-village is considered clean construction technology with an architectural design based on, energy efficient, earth bio stabilized bricks, and environmental sustainability by supplying potable water and re-using eco-sanitation products for cooking, irrigation, fertilization and fishing purposes. Building Material The model is mainly based on the use non wood fired earth bio-stabilized bricks, which usually prepared at site. This will save time and energy consumed for transportation. In addition, tuning the indoor environment, this not conventional building materials are not used (cement, steel and ever paintings). Conclusion Sustainable solutions to technological problems are more likely to occur if local skills are used, thereby using the knowledge and experience which already exists, and which can be passed on through the community, and from generation to generation. Use of local resources also cuts down overall costs. The use of renewable energy sources is also encouraged. This can have significant positive benefits for the local and global environments. In any one solution not all the benefits mentioned are possible, or occur with equal weighting. Yet the involvement of the local community, use of local resources and local skills is at the heart of successful application of Appropriate Technology. REFERNCE Brandjes, P.J., de Wit, J. and Van der Meer, H.G., 1996. Environmental Impact of Animal Manure Management. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6113E/x6113e00.htm#Contentshttp://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6113E/x6113e00.htm#Contents IEA, 2008. Energy Technology Perspectives - Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. International Energy Agency, Paris, France. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). World Bank. "What is Sustainable Development?". http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html. Retrieved 24 April 2011. "What is Sustainable Development?"http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html United Nations. "Appropriate Technology". Index to Economic and Social Development. http://www.un.org/esa/subindex/wd15.htm. Retrieved 24 April 2011. "Appropriate Technology"http://www.un.org/esa/subindex/wd15.htm


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