1. Do Now Get out your notebooks
On page 9, prepare to do our first 15 for the day
We will begin our questions when the bell rings!
I will be taking volunteers to be our officers for the day! Remember:
President: Stamps First 15
Vice President: Takes attendance & collects works for absent students
Secretary: Hands out materials

3. The tertiary consumers in an energy pyramid contain 6,400 kilo calories of energy. Predict how much the producers have.
.640 kcal
64 kcal
64,000 kcal
6,400,000 kcal

8. How Many Bears Analysis Questions
What percent of the bears survived?
What is the class total of pounds of food eaten?
Divide the total by the 50 pounds needed by an individual bear (approximately in order to survive in a 10 day period. How many bears could the habitat support?
Why then did only ___ bears survive when the class did this activity? Is that realistic?
What percentage would have survived had the food been evenly divided?
Other than food, what factors, natural or human-related, might also limit the growth of the bear population?
What was the theoretical carrying capacity of this activity? What was the true carrying capacity?
Could the bear population increase indefinitely if unlimited food were available? Why or why not?

9. What can you infer from this graph?

10. POPULATION DYNAMICS
UNIT 2: ECOLOGY

11. Population Characteristics
A group of the same species makes up a population
Populations are characterized by
Density- how many in a given area
Spatial distribution- how they are dispersed
Population Range- where animals are found
Growth rate- how fast population grows

12. Population Density # of organisms per given unit of area.
May depend on what that animals population range is
Ex: bears need several hundred kilometers of space to prevent competition so their populations would not be as dense as another’s.

13. Spatial distribution- Dispersion
Pattern of spacing of a population in an area
Can be:
Random- unpredictable spacing
Deer in forest
Uniform- evenly dispersed
Bears need certain sized territory
Clumped- many together
Cattle egrets congregating near cattle

14. Population range Where animals are found
Depends on abiotic and biotic factors in that ecosystem
Range of trumpeter swan- notice how it has changed… why do you think that has happened?

15. Can populations grow unchecked?
Exponential Growth
Population multiplies quickly
Produces J-shaped curve
Only occurs when there are enough resources for all to survive.
Mostly unrealistic

16. How do populations grow realistically?
Populations grow then level out due to limiting factors.
Carrying Capacity- max. # of individuals an area can hold and still remain healthy.
Produces S-shaped curve

17. What types of limiting factors limit population growth?
Two types:

18. 1. DENSITY-DEPENDENT Dependent on population size
Produces s-shaped oscillation around carrying capacity
Ex: food supply, predation, disease, living space, water availability, parasitism

19. 2. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
Affects the same percentage of population regardless of population size.
Shows a “boom & bust” curve
EX: natural disasters, human disturbances, climate, change of seasons.

20. HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH
Currently our growth is exponential.
Exponential growth due to:
Advances in technology
Energy development
Advances in agriculture
Transportation
Medicine
We do not know our carrying capacity.