1. World War I Aftermath

2. I. Peace…? Peace process was flawed
Main powers (Britain, France, U.S.) could not completely agree on how to handle Germany
Too much power, bad = future aggression
Too little power, also bad = socialism/communism
Germany (and Austro-Hungary and Russia) was left out of peace talks – felt insulted
Territories given to nationalists groups – creation of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary
Non-white colonial holdings ignored – self-determination did not apply
Left colonies in south Asia and Africa angry

3. II. Nationalist Movements in India
Issues of concern
Drain of Indian resources
Indian money spent for British wars or pay for British government
Decline in food production to make cash crops for Britain
Spread of the Nationalist Struggle
India tired of supporting Britain during WWI
British (falsely) promised India eventual independence if they helped war effort
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) - Indians could control issues in provinces, but limited in actual political power
Rowlatt Act (1919)– restricted civil rights; fueled protests, anger

4. II. Continued… Nationalist leaders of India B.G. Tilak Gandhi
CHALLENGE QUESTION!
Nationalist leaders of India
B.G. Tilak
Radical Hindu – opposed women’s education, raising marriage age for girls
Called for boycott of British-manufactured goods
Demanded independence, threatened violent rebellion
Gandhi
Western-educated lawyer from prominent family
Promoted nonviolent but aggressive methods of protest
Peaceful boycotts, strikes, noncooperation, mass demonstrations
British could not legitimately employ superior weapons against protesters
Brought negative press to British from international community

5. III. Rise of Nationalism in Middle East
Egypt is prime example – revolt in 1919
Egyptian peasantry decimated by WWI
Resources drained to protect Suez Canal
Food shortages, starvation, confiscation of animals
Newly formed Wafd party, under Sa’d Zaghul, became focus for unified action
Ignored at post-WWI peace talks, inciting nationalist protests
Riots began across nation
Started by university students
Women joined – some western educated, some wearing veils
Eventually Brits regain control, but foundation laid
British eventually leave between 1922 and 1936
Egypt spent next 30 years spiraling into political chaos

6. IV. Beginning of African Liberation
Educated Africans initially loyal to British/French
WWI changed that
Rebellions due to forced recruitment/labor
Populations starved to feed soldiers
Merchants suffer from shipping shortages
Britain did not come through on promises after WWI – jobs and public honors denied to those that participated in war
Nationalist leaders attempted to create pan-African movement
Leaders based outside of Africa – in U.S., Caribbean (W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey)
Failed to address all challenges, but did arouse anti-colonial sentiments
New political organizations formed, attempted to rally masses
Literary movements (negritude) helped combat racial stereotyping and legitimize educated Africans

7. EXIT TICKET Answer the following question in complete sentences:
What are the common themes/ideas/characteristics that appear in the three areas that we briefly studied today?
Describe/discuss at least three.

8. CHALLENGE QUESTION! Watch the clip from the film, Gandhi.
Write a brief response to the speech given by Gandhi in the film. How do you feel about his statements?
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