1. Neoclassicism vs. Romanticism
Goya, Goethe, Byron

2. The sleep of reason produces monsters
The dream of reason produces monsters

3. Neoclassicism
Symmetry
Proportion
Order
Clarity
Restraint

4. Neoclassicism

5. Neoclassicism
Landscape with Aeneas on Delos

6. Jean-Louis David, Oath of the Horatians
Neoclassicism
Decorum
Harmony
Restraint
Imitation of Greek and Roman originals
Dominance of pre-established rules
Jean-Louis David, Oath of the Horatians

7. Neoclassicism
Purpose of art: to instruct by delighting
Dominance of the moral over the aesthetic function of art.

8. J.M.W. Turner, Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth
Romanticism
J.M.W. Turner, Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth

9. Romanticism
Caspar Friedrich, Abbey in the Oak Wood

10. Romanticism

11. Romantic Garden

12. Romanticism
Prevalence of the individual, subjective, personal, spontaneous
Emphasis on the power of imagination, emotion, irrationality
Search for the transcendental
Appreciation for the power/beauty of untamed nature

13. Romanticism Emotion over reason, senses over the intellect
Preoccupation with genius, the individual, the exceptional
Artist as the supreme creator
Rejection of rules, importance of experimentation
Imagination as way to reach transcendental experience/truth
Predilection for the exotic, mysterious, weird, occult, monstrous, diseased, satanic
Search for national, autochthonous origins (resurgence of medieval, revaluation of Shakespeare, Calderón, Lope de Vega)

14. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828
His life is described as having four stages:
Until 1793 – slow rise to maturity
1793 – illness that left him deaf and released pent up creative forces within him
1808 – Napoleonic invasion and Goya’s responses to the war.
1819 – a second illness, he retires to the Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings

15. First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons
General impression?
Calm, peace, harmony
Lack of emotion
Beauty, grace
Balance

16. 1808 – 1814 Napoleon and the War of Independence
The 3rd of May, 1808

17. The disasters of the war

19. The Colossus – between 1808-1812
Ambiguity of giant
Ignorant, arrogant prince? (Ferdinand VII)
Mountains= the powerful
Donkey=nobility
Hercules who rises up against Napoleon?
Buried to above the knees
Back to spectator
Closed eyes

20. Black Paintings–
The witches’ Sabbath

21. Saturn eating his son

23. Prometheus Rebel god (Titan) Stole fire from Zeus and gave it to man
Chained to a rock
Eagle ate his liver each day
13 generations later, Heracles killed the eagle

24. Prometheus, Gustave Moreau
1868
Prometheus, Gustave Moreau

25. Some Romantic works based on the Prometheus myth
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Prometheus” (1774)
Ludwig van Beethoven, opus 43, Creatures of Prometheus (ballet), overture (1801)
Lord Byron, “Prometheus”
Percy Shelley, Prometheus Unbound (1820)
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus (1818, 1831)

26. Johan Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Perhaps the most important German writer (poet, essayist, dramatist, novelist)
Collected works form around 144 volumes
Most influential works: The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), Wilhem Meister ( ), Faust (Part I, 1808, Part II 1832)
A principal figure of the Sturm und Drang movement
Portrait by Eugene Delacroix

27. George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)
Perhaps the best known of the English Romantic poets
Main works:
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage ( )
Manfred. Dramatic Poem. (1817)
Don Juan ( )

28. Byronic hero Exiled or solitary wanderer Moody, passionate
Superior intellect
Heightened sensitivity
Rejects traditional values and moral codes

29. Goethe and Byron’s “Prometheus”
In groups of three discuss the following and choose an image that you feel is particularly powerful to exemplify each:
How the Gods (Zeus, in particular) are characterized.
How Prometheus is characterized.
What stage of the Promethean myth is presented.
How the attitudes of the two poets differ.