1. Examination of the Perception of Double Eyelid Beauty Among Asian Americans presented by: Jenny Paek Department of Environmental Analysis & Design May 13,2006

5. Brief History M. Mikamo performed the first documented double eyelid surgery (Obata & Sergile 1997) Purpose was not to create Caucasian eyes Create eyes that were attractive in the Japanese society

6. Research Question Can double eyelid surgery be an influence on the perception of Asian Americans?

7. Hypotheses Although most non-Asians cannot distinguish single eyelid from double eyelid, double eyelid does have an influence on the perception of Asian Americans. Non-Asians would feel more comfortable seeing an Asian face with double eyelid. Asian Americans would like to undergo double eyelid surgery to be accepted by the majority.

8. What is Double Eyelid? Single EyelidDouble Eyelid

9. Who has DE? Whites Blacks Hispanics Asian Indians Some East Asians Some Pacific Islanders Some Southeast Asians

10. People With Single Eyelid… Can obtain DE by: Undergoing DE Surgery Using tape Using glue Using fiber thread

11. What is Double Eyelid Surgery? Cutting Method: Crescent shaped piece of skin removed out of upper eyelid Two sides are stitched together Double eyelid fold is created There are other methods (non-cutting): Laser Suture

12. Surgical Procedure

13. Who Can Undergo DE Surgery? Anyone can but mostly Asians

14. Before and After… Pictures of Asian women and men before and after DE surgery

15. Reasons for DE Surgery Cosmetic: Enhance eyes Create a crease Easier to apply eyeliner Symmetry Medical: Poking of eyelashes

16. Data Convenience based samples UCI students Surveys of pre and post-surgery 110 responses

17. Data Asians: 60% White: 21% Hispanic: 18% Black: 1%

18. Data

19. Pre-surgery Photo Significant at the.01 level

20. Post-surgery Photo Significant at the.05 level

21. Comparison of All Pictures

22. Interesting Findings When comparing all of the facial features ratings, biggest difference between Black and White When comparing eye ratings, biggest difference between pre-surgery Asian and White When comparing eye ratings from the post- surgery survey, biggest difference between Black and White

23. Implications Whites are the Golden Standard Unintentionally, everyone uses Whites as the standard of beauty Double eyelid surgery does impact the perception of Asian Americans

24. Future Studies Larger sample Gender issues Level of acculturation and percentage of double eyelid surgery Differences among generations and percentage of double eyelid surgery

25. Acknowledgements Dr. Zuzana Bic Dr. Valerie Jenness Rita Petersen UROP

26. For More Information Contact me at: Jenny Paek University of California, Irvine Department of Environmental, Analysis & Design jpaek@uci.edu 949-400-0288

27. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.