1. BSBI 622 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
AMA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – BAHRAIN COLLEGE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL SCIENCES Dr. Steve S. Guansi Professor
BSBI 622 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

2. CHAPTER 3
ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY AND PROJECT SELECTION

3. Why Project Managers Need to Understand the Strategic Management Process
Changes in the Organization’s Mission and Strategy
Project managers must respond to changes with appropriate decisions about future projects and adjustments to current projects.
Project managers who understand their organization’s strategy can become effective advocates of projects aligned with the firm’s mission.

4. Overview of Strategic Management Process
Provides the theme and focus of the future direction for the firm.
Responding to changes in the external environment—environmental scanning
Allocating scarce resources of the firm to improve its competitive position—internal responses to new action programs
Requires strong links among mission, goals, objectives, strategy, and implementation.

5. EXPECTATIONS FROM STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Formulation of Vision and Mission
Goals, objectives and core values
Plan of activities (Programs)
Schedules
Policies
Budget
Manpower Resources
7 Ms of Management

6. Four of Activities of the Strategic Management Process
Review and define the organizational mission.
Set long-range goals and objectives.
Analyze and formulate strategies to reach objectives.
Implement strategies through projects.

7. Strategic Management Process

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTIVES
S Specific Be specific in targeting an objective
M Measurable Establish a measurable indicator(s) of progress
A Assignable Make the objective assignable to one person for completion
R Realistic State what can realistically be done with available resources
T Time related

9. What is Portfolio Management?
A conglomerate of tasks manage and supervise with efficiency.
Portfolio Management is used to select a portfolio of new product development projects to achieve the following goals: - Maximize the profitability or value of the portfolio - Provide balance - Support the strategy of the enterprise

10. Project Portfolio Management Problems
1. The Implementation Gap
The lack of understanding and consensus on strategy among top management and middle-level (functional) managers who independently implement the strategy.
2. Organization Politics
Project selection is based on the persuasiveness and power of people advocating the projects.
3. Resource Conflicts and Multi - tasking
The multi - project environment creates interdependency relationships of shared resources which results in the starting, stopping, and restarting projects.

11. Benefits of Portfolio Management
1. Builds discipline into project selection process.
2. Links project selection to strategic metrics.
3. Prioritizes project proposals across a common set of criteria, rather than on politics or emotion.
4. Allocates resources to projects that align with strategic direction.
5. Balances risk across all projects.
6. Justifies killing projects that do not support organization strategy.
7. Improves communication and supports agreement on project goals.

12. CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECTS

13. Selection Criteria of Projects
a. Financial: payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR)
b. Non-financial: projects of strategic importance to the firm.
c. Checklist Models
d. Multi-Weighted Scoring Models: Use several weighted selection criteria to evaluate project proposals.

14. Financial Models 2. Non Financial Models
The selection criteria is based upon the recommendation taken from the models of Payback and Net Present Value
2. Non Financial Models
To capture larger market share
To make it difficult for competitors to enter the market
To develop an enabler product
To develop core technology that will be used in next-generation products
To reduce dependency on unreliable suppliers
To prevent government intervention and regulation

15. 3. Checklist Model
Method used in selecting project using list of questions to review to determine acceptance or rejection of the proposals.
4. Multi – Weighted Scoring Models
Typically uses several weighted selection criteria to evaluate project proposals. Each criterion has a weight and the basis of selection is based from the weighted score.

16. Sample Checklist Model
Strategy alignment: What specific organization does this project align with?
Driver: What business problem does the project solve?
Success metrics: How will we measure success?
Sponsorship: Who is the project sponsor?
Risk: What is the impact of not doing this project?
Risk: What is the project risk to our organization?
Benefits: What is the value of the project to this organization?
Organization culture: Is our organization culture right for this type of project?
Approach: Will we build or buy?
Training/resources: Will staff training be required?
Finance: What is estimated cost of the project?
Portfolio: How does the project interact with current projects?

17. PROJECT SCREENING MATRIX

18. Applying a Selection Model
Project Classification
- Deciding how well a strategic or operations project fits the organization’s strategy.
Selecting a Model
- Applying a weighted scoring model to bring projects to closer with the organization’s strategic goals.
***Reduces the number of wasteful projects
***Helps identify proper goals for projects
***Helps everyone involved understand how and why a project is selected

19. Sources and Solicitation of Project Proposals
Within the organization
Request for proposal (RFP) from external sources (contractors and vendors)
Ranking Proposals and Selection of Projects
Prioritizing requires discipline, accountability, responsibility, constraints, reduced flexibility, and loss of power
Managing the Portfolio
Senior management input
The priority team (project office) responsibilities

20. Major Project Proposal

21. Risk Analysis

22. Managing the Portfolio
Senior Management Input
- Provide guidance in selecting criteria that are aligned with the organization’s goals
- Decide how to balance available resources among current projects
The Priority Team Responsibilities
- Publish the priority of every project
- Ensure that the project selection process is open and free of power politics
- Reassess the organization’s goals and priorities
- Evaluate the progress of current projects

23. Project Screening Process

24. Priority Analysis

25. Project Portfolio Matrix

26. Project Matrix Dimensions
1. Bread-and-Butter Projects
These are projects which have a high probability of succeeding, but a relatively low value if successful – often product improvement or cost reduction type of applications.
2. Oysters
These are hard projects with a low probability of succeeding, but a high value if successful – often products or processes that will create new offerings to the company or revolutionize existing offerings.

27. Project Matrix Dimensions
3. Pearls
These are easy projects with large value – often Oysters that have come close to succeeding and may provide long-term benefits for the company.
4. White Elephants
These are projects that are unlikely to succeed, and would not be worth much if they do succeed; low value expenditure of valuable resources, though sometimes mandated. Much like Oysters, accountability should emphasize “fail early if you are going to fail” and/or “try to improve the scope/value of the project”.