1. Ottomans Bellwork
The Ottoman empire replaced the ___________ Empire in the Eastern Mediterranean
Byzantine Empire
Describe the Devsirme
Human Tax of Christian males from the Balkans who went on to government positions

2. Theme Tuesday Bellwork
What is an example of Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems in the Ottoman Empire?
Answers Vary
What is an example of State-Building, Expansion and Conflict in the Ottoman Empire?

3. Objective
WWBAT: Discuss the political organization and major struggles of the Ottoman Empire

4. POV QUESTIONS TO ASK Why are they saying what they are saying?
What motivated them to write this document in the first place?
What do they want the audience to hear and to know and to understand?
Does the author want to sway people’s opinion on the topic?

5. Interactive Setup 2/7/2017 Ottoman Politics and decline
This will be one page

6. Sultans
Ottomans and Europe
Millet
Ottomans Decline

7. Sultans
Head of the Ottoman State was the Sultan, the Sultan was the supreme political and religious leader of the Turks
Sultans ruled Viziers or advisors who often did much of the work of ruling
Viziers in turn rule over a series of provincial governors

9. Sultans
The Sultan rarely married, he kept enslaved concubines (by honor) in the “sacred place” or Harem
Any of the Sultan’s offspring had the ability to be the “heir” but they often were forced to kill all their brothers once they obtained the distinction
The mother of the heir became the “Queen Mother”

11. Sultans Mothers of sultans were called Valide sultan
Haseki sultan were the favorite consorts of the sultan
Held more power than anyone but the sultan
The 16th and 17th century was called the “Sultanate of women “ because of the power of Valide and Haseki sultans

12. Millet This system was set up to deal with ruling non-Muslims
At times as much as 80% of the empire was non-Muslim
Religious groups was organized into a millet
Each religious group was considered its own millet, with multiple millets existing in the empire

13. Millet Each millet could elect their own leader
Leaders of the millets were allowed to enforce their own religion’s rules on their people
Islamic law (Shariah) had no jurisdiction over non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire.

14. Millet
Leaders ultimately reported to the sultan, and if there was a problem with a millet, the sultan would consult that millet leader
Millets were given freedom to use their own language, develop their own institutions (churches, schools, etc), and collect taxes

15. Millet
In cases of crime, people would be punished according to the rules of their own religion
Cases involving two people from different millets, a Muslim judge was to preside over the case and judge according to his best judgement and common law

16. Ottomans and Europe
The Ottoman Empire was by this time a significant and accepted part of the European political sphere
Entered into a military alliance with many European states
Allied with France, England and the Netherlands against Habsburg Spain, Italy and Habsburg Austria
The alliances were economic as well as military, as the sultans granted the right of trade within the empire without levy of taxation to allies

18. Ottomans and Europe
As the 16th century progressed, Ottoman naval superiority was challenged by the growing sea powers of western Europe, particularly Portugal, in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean and the Spice Islands
With the Ottomans blockading sea-lanes to the East and South, the European powers were driven to find another way to the ancient silk and spice routes caused an increase in European exploration, now under Ottoman control
On land, the empire was preoccupied by military campaigns in the Austria and Persia, two widely-separated theaters of war

19. Ottomans and Europe
The strain of these conflicts on the empire's resources, and the logistics of maintaining lines of supply and communication across such vast distances, ultimately rendered its sea efforts unsustainable and unsuccessful
The overriding military need for defense on the western and eastern frontiers of the empire eventually made effective long-term engagement on a global scale impossible

20. The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Despite Suleyman’s magnificent social and cultural achievements, the Ottoman Empire was losing ground. Suleyman killed his ablest son and drove another into exile. His third son, the incompetent Selim II, inherited the throne.
Suleyman set the pattern for later sultans to gain and hold power. It became customary for each new sultan to have his brothers strangled. The sultan would then keep his sons prisoner in the harem, cutting them off from education or contact with the world. This practice produced a long line of weak sultans who eventually brought ruin on the empire. However, the Ottoman Empire continued to influence the world into the early 20th century.
To maintain their power against rivals, Suleyman & other Ottoman sultans executed their brothers & jailed their sons which led to progressively weaker leaders

21. The Decline of the Empire: 18c

22. Ottoman Decline
The Jelali revolts (1519–1610) and Janissary revolts (1622) caused widespread lawlessness and rebellion in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and toppled several governments
During the 17th century the Ottoman state and its structures began to adapt to new pressures and new realities, internal and external but a little too late

24. Ottoman Decline
During the stagnation period much territory in the Balkans was ceded to Austria
Certain areas of the empire, such as Egypt and Algeria, became independent in all but name
Subsequently came under the influence of Britain and France
The 18th century saw centralized authority give way to varying degrees of provincial autonomy enjoyed by local governors and leaders
A series of wars were fought between the Russian and Ottoman empires from the 17th to the 19th century

26. Ottoman Decline
By the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Ottoman Empire was so weak it was known as the “sick man of Europe”
After further internal revolt and weakening The Ottoman Empire collapses in 1922